ap psych master flashcards FOR THE SECOND QUIZ

aphasia

disability, loss of speech, language comprehension

wernicke's area

area of brain responsible for language comprehension

reticular formation

nerve network in brainstem that helps control arousal

hippocampus

area deep in brain that regulates learning, memory storage, memory retrieval

amygdala

part of limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion, fear and aggression.

transduction

transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses

retina (rods and cones)

made up of rods and cones, rods process value, cones process color

conduction hearing loss

hearing loss due to blockage or hole, can be improved

sensorineural hearing loss

hearing loss due to cochlear or neural damage, can't be improved

dopamine

neurotransmitter and hormone, helps with good mood, sleep, and arousal

serotonin

hormone and neurotransmitter that regulates good mood, not enough \= depression

norepinephrine

hormone and neurotransmitter, part of fight or flight, increases alertness

agonist chemicals

a chemical or a drug that binds to receptors in the brain and increase neuroreceptors

antagonist chemicals

chemicals that interfere with/block neurotransmitters

nature vs nurture

name for a controversy in which it is debated whether genetics or environment is responsible for driving behavior

cns

brain and spinal chord

pns

nerves and ganglia

sns

controls voluntary movement

ans

unconscious bodily funtions like heartrate, bp, digestion, contains sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

sympathetic system

fight or flight

parasympathetic system

rest and digest

pituitary gland

endocrine gland, master control

pineal glad

endocrine gland beneath corpus callosum, melatonin

narcolepsy

sleep disorder that causes uncontrollable sleep attacks (REM)

sleep apnea

sleep disorder where breathing stops during sleep, waking the sleeper

reliability

the extent at which a test yields consistent results

validity

the extent at which a test measures the intended thing

semantic memory

long term memory for facts, general knowledge, concepts

serial position effect

recalling last and first items in a list

ptsd

disorder with nightmares, flashbacks, anxiety, social withdrawal, numbness, and insomnia. 4 weeks or longer

schizophrenia

psychological disorder with delusions, hallucinations, odd emotional expression

delusion

false belief

hallucination

false sensory experience

intrinsic motivaiton

desire to perform for self, personal reasons

extrinsic motivation

desire to perform due for reward or to avoid punishment

social loafing

people exert less effort in groups

self-efficacy

believing in oneself's ability to achieve. effectiveness

self-fufilling prophecy

a belief that leads to its own fulfillment

self-serving bias

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

positive reinforcement

reinforcing behavior by adding a reward or punishment

negative reinforcement

removing something to reinforce behavior

repression

pushing conflicting or negative thoughts into the unconscious

albert bandura

observational learning, bobo doll experiment with parents and kids

stanley milgram

obedience to authority, fake shock experiment, people do terribly things because authority

ivan pavlov

classical conditioning, pavlov's dog

jean piaget

cognitive development in children

bf skinner

behaviorism, skinner box, operant conditioning

john b watson

founded behavioralism, little albert experiment taught fear of white rat

philip zimbardo

stanford prison experiment, behavior under pressure