dna analysis

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

What is the function of DNA?

DNA stores information and contains instructions for making proteins.

Where is nuclear DNA located?

In the nucleus of the cell.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

What are the two types of sex chromosomes?

XY for males and XX for females.

What makes up the majority of human DNA?

Non-coding genes make up 90 to 95% of DNA.

What are the four nucleobases of DNA?

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine.

What pairs with Thymine in DNA?

Adenine.

What sugar does RNA contain?

Ribose sugar.

What is the main process that produces RNA from DNA?

Transcription.

What is the difference between transcription and replication?

Transcription produces a single strand of RNA, while replication copies the entire DNA molecule.

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

tRNA translates the language of nucleotide bases into amino acids.

What is the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is then translated into proteins.

What are RFLPs in DNA profiling?

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms are variations in DNA fragments due to cuts by restriction enzymes.

What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

A technique used to amplify DNA, creating many copies of a specific DNA sequence.

What is a Short Tandem Repeat (STR)?

A location on DNA where a short sequence of bases is repeated.

How is DNA visualized during electrophoresis?

By applying a current that causes negatively charged DNA to move through a gel.

What does CODIS stand for?

Combined DNA Index System.

What is the purpose of CODIS?

To maintain a national database of DNA profiles for investigating crimes.

What is the function of the ribosome in translation?

Ribosomes facilitate the attachment of tRNA to mRNA to synthesize proteins.

What are the three tiers of CODIS?

Local, State, and National DNA indexes.

Why is non-coding DNA important for DNA profiling?

The sequences in non-coding regions vary greatly from person to person, making them useful for individual identification.