Respiratory Histology

parasympathetic effects on respiratory system

bronchoconstriction

mucous secretion

vasodilation

sympathetic effects on respiratory system

bronchodilation

alveolar-capillary barrier

site of O2 and CO2 exchange between distal airspaces and pulmonary vasculature

histological - 4 layers of respiratory system

mucosa - epithelium and supporting lamina

submucosa

cartilage and/or muscle (Trachea)

adventitia

trachea histology

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

what are the gaps between trachea cartilage filled with

trachealis muscles

fibroelastic tissue

what are the respiratory mucosa and submucosa adopted to do

warm and moisten air to trap foreign particles in mucous

mucosa histology

ciliated pseudistratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

lamina propria underneath epithelium contains elastic blood vessels

what humidifies the inspired air in submucosa

watery secretions from serous glands

how does the submucosa trap foreign particles

mucus

• transported up towards the pharynx by cilia on epithelium

• keeps lungs free of particles and bacteria

Adventitia (histology of esophagus)

connects and supports trachea

• contains nerves, vessels and adipose tissue

Bronchi histology

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium --> simple columnar cells

Irregular cartilage plates

Fewer seromucous glands

Smooth muscle is prominent

Has abundant elastic fibers

bronchiole histology

-lumen lined with ciliated simple columnar epithelium to ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium

-layer of smooth muscle

respiratory bronchiole histology

Cuboidal ciliated columnar epithelium with interspaced club cells

Sparse smooth muscle layer

lack cartilage

alveoli histology

simple squamous epithelium

• type 1 large flattened cells

• type 2 little round cells that secrete surfactant