Unit 2b Vocab AP Human Geography

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Amnesty Programs

Forgiveness for coming over illegally, granted in the context of immigration reform, normally had to prove continuous residence.

Asylum seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee.

Brain drain

A phenomenon where a country or a place loses young, more educated, and skilled people through migration.

Chain migration

The process by which some people's migration to a new place leads their family members, friends, and others to move to the same place.

Counterurbanization

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

Circular migration

The temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host countries to seek employment.

Emigrant or out-migrant

A person who leaves their country of origin.

Ethnic enclave

A place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area.

Family reunification

Approximately 3/4 immigrants are admitted into the U.S. to reunify families.

Forced migration

Migration caused by forces out of one's control, such as disasters, social conflicts, or developmental projects.

Geographic center (centroid)

The geographic center of the population of a country.

Gravity model of migration

As the importance of one or both of the locations increases, there will also be an increase in movement between them.

Guest worker

A person with temporary permission to work in another country.

Immigration or in-migration

The act of a migrant arriving at their destination country.

Internally displaced person (IDP)

Someone who remains within his or her country's borders despite being persecuted by their home country.

Internal migration

When people move within the borders of a country.

Interregional migration

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

Intervening opportunity

A nearby attractive locale where migrants may decide to settle instead of going to the intended destination farther away.

Intraregional migration

Permanent movement within one region of a country.

Migration

The long-term or permanent relocation of individuals, families, or entire communities from one place to another.

Migration transition model

A change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization.

Mobility

All types of movements between locations.

Net migration rate (NMR)

A gauge of the impact of migration on population change, determined by dividing a country's net migration by its total population, then multiplying by 1000.

Periodic movement

Like cyclic movement, involves returning home. Periodic movement involves a longer period of time away from the home base than cyclic movement.

Pull factors

The attributes of other places that make them appealing to potential migrants.

Push factors

Factors that cause people to be dissatisfied with their present locales and want to move somewhere else.

Quota

In reference to migration, a law that places a maximum limit on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

Refugee

A person who leaves their country because of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political opinion.

Remittances

Transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated.

Rural-to-urban migration

When people move from the countryside to cities.

Step migration

Migration carried out in a series of stages, usually from nearby to bigger and more distant places.

Transhumance

A phenomenon where herders and their livestock move seasonally between their summer and winter pastures.

Transnational migration

When migrants move back and forth between their home countries and those to which they have migrated.

Undocumented immigrant

A person who enters a country without proper documents to do so.

Voluntary migration

Migration that is done willingly.

Xenophobia

An aversion or hostility to, disdain for, or fear of foreigners, people from different cultures, or strangers.