Question 3 Outline

What ideas were nationalism intertwined with?

Popular sovereignty and the idea of the nation.

What was the Risorgimento?

19th-century movements to unite Italy.

Why did Italian unification take a long time?

Internal conflicts lasted decades.

How did Germany consolidate its nation-state?

Through social programs like healthcare, insurance, and pensions.

Why were German social programs important?

They gained loyalty and inspired other nation-states.

What was Manifest Destiny?

U.S. nationalism claiming a God-given right to expand west.

What did Manifest Destiny justify?

War with Mexico, territorial expansion, and Native removal.

What was the Meiji Restoration?

A period of nationalist reform under the Meiji emperor.

Name two Meiji reforms.

Unified yen; postal system; telegraphs; tax reform; civil service.

Why was the Meiji Restoration successful?

It blended Western ideas with Japanese traditions.

What was Social Darwinism?

Applying “survival of the fittest” to human societies.

How did Europeans use Social Darwinism?

To justify imperialism and conquest.