A&P II Lab Exam 2

Pineal Gland

Gland in the brain located beneath the back part of the corpus callosum; Secretes melatonin

Hypothalamus

Region of the forebrain below the thalamus which coordinated both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituatry; controls body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic system

Pituitary gland

A small body attached to the base of the brain, important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands

Thyroid gland

A large ductless gland in the neck which secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism

Parathyroid Gland

A gland next to the thyroid which secretes a hormone that regulates calcium levels in a person’s body

Thymus

A lymphoid organ situated in the neck of vertebrates that produces T-Cells for the immune system. The human thalamus becomes smaller at the approach of puberty

Adrenal Glands

A small gland that makes steroid hormones adrenaline and nonadrenaline. This hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions

Pancreas

Located inside your abdomen, just behind your stomach. Makes digestive juices called enzymes that break down sugars, fats, and starches

Ovaries

Female reproductive organ that produces estrogen and progesterone

Testes

Male reproductive organs that produce testosterone

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A glycoprotein hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A hormone the pituitary gland makes and releases that plays a role in sexual development and reproduction

Luteninizing Hormone (LH)

Works with FSH to ensure normal functioning of the ovaries and testes

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Stimulates the adrenal glands to produce hormones

Growth Hormone

Essential to maintain a health body composition and for growth in children. In adults it aid healthy bone and muscle mass and affects fat distribution

Prolactin

Stimulates breast milk production O

Oxytocin

Stimulates contractions in labor and aid in lactation after birth

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Helps blood vessels constrict and helps the kidneys control the amount of water and salt in the body

Thyrozine (T4) and Triiodothyrone (T3)

Increase basal metabolic rate and regulates tissue growth and development

Calcitonin

No physiological role known

Mineralcorticoids (mostly aldosterone)

Increases reabsoption of sodium and water by kidney tubules

Glucocorticoids (mostly cortisol)

Promotes breakdown of fat and protein, stress resistance, and inhibits immune response

Gonadocorticoids

Body growth and converted in estrogen, little effect in men

Epinephrine and Nonepinephrine

Fight or flight

Insulin

Accelerates transport of glucose, promotes glycogen, fat and protein synth

Glucagon

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose, conversion of lactic acid into glucose, release glucose into blood from liver