Pineal Gland
Gland in the brain located beneath the back part of the corpus callosum; Secretes melatonin
Hypothalamus
Region of the forebrain below the thalamus which coordinated both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituatry; controls body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic system
Pituitary gland
A small body attached to the base of the brain, important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands
Thyroid gland
A large ductless gland in the neck which secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism
Parathyroid Gland
A gland next to the thyroid which secretes a hormone that regulates calcium levels in a person’s body
Thymus
A lymphoid organ situated in the neck of vertebrates that produces T-Cells for the immune system. The human thalamus becomes smaller at the approach of puberty
Adrenal Glands
A small gland that makes steroid hormones adrenaline and nonadrenaline. This hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions
Pancreas
Located inside your abdomen, just behind your stomach. Makes digestive juices called enzymes that break down sugars, fats, and starches
Ovaries
Female reproductive organ that produces estrogen and progesterone
Testes
Male reproductive organs that produce testosterone
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
A glycoprotein hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
A hormone the pituitary gland makes and releases that plays a role in sexual development and reproduction
Luteninizing Hormone (LH)
Works with FSH to ensure normal functioning of the ovaries and testes
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Stimulates the adrenal glands to produce hormones
Growth Hormone
Essential to maintain a health body composition and for growth in children. In adults it aid healthy bone and muscle mass and affects fat distribution
Prolactin
Stimulates breast milk production O
Oxytocin
Stimulates contractions in labor and aid in lactation after birth
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Helps blood vessels constrict and helps the kidneys control the amount of water and salt in the body
Thyrozine (T4) and Triiodothyrone (T3)
Increase basal metabolic rate and regulates tissue growth and development
Calcitonin
No physiological role known
Mineralcorticoids (mostly aldosterone)
Increases reabsoption of sodium and water by kidney tubules
Glucocorticoids (mostly cortisol)
Promotes breakdown of fat and protein, stress resistance, and inhibits immune response
Gonadocorticoids
Body growth and converted in estrogen, little effect in men
Epinephrine and Nonepinephrine
Fight or flight
Insulin
Accelerates transport of glucose, promotes glycogen, fat and protein synth
Glucagon
Breakdown of glycogen to glucose, conversion of lactic acid into glucose, release glucose into blood from liver