Unit 3 Test Human Geo

Ethnicity, Religion, Language, Folk/Pop Culture

What is ethnicity?

a group of people with a common identity based on a distinct but shared culture. (ex: common homeland, language, religion, race)

What is race?

genetic traits, biologically inherited physical characteristics.

Difference between race and ethnicity

Race- many form of ethnicities

Ethnicity- bigger/more characteristics. beyond to include person’s social and cultural identity.

Ethnocentrism

one’s conviction of ethnic superiority (like racism for an ethnic group)

Ethnic enclave

voluntary residential segregation based on ethnicity (ex: ethnic neighborhoods, Hispanic barrios, china town, little Havana)

African Migration patterns

• Three major migration patterns

  • Forced migration from Africa (18^th century)

    • The triangular trade 

  • Immigration from the south to northern cities (first half of the 20^th century)

    • Identifiable paths of migration

  • Immigration out of inner cities to other urban areas (second half of the 20^th century to present)

De jure segregation

Legalized (Plessy v. Ferguson, apartheid in South Africa)

By law, legally separated

Overturned by Brown v. Board of Education

De Facto Segregation

Not legal - just happens. Ethnic clusters or ethnic enclaves

• i.e. white side of town, black side of town,

Segregation happens on 2 scales

within the region of a country or within neighborhood of a city

• Regional Segregation in U.S.

  • African Americans in SE and Cities

  • Hispanics in SW

Ghetto

when ethnic groups were forced  to live in parts of city usually in crowded, undesirable areas. Term came from Middle Ages with forced Jewish neighborhoods

Nationality

 a group of people who share a legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country (is distinct from race and ethnicity, but often overlaps)

• i.e. we’re all American but different races and ethnicities

Nation state

Geo political ideal - a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality (i.e. Czech Republic, Japan)

self determination

idea that ethnicity has right to govern themselves…has led to creation of new nation states and violence (i.e. Yugoslavia)

multi nation states

 a country that contains 2 or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to co-exist and share power peacefully.

example; russia-largest multi nation state with 39

canada-french and english speaking provinces

Multi nation states

when a cohesive ethnic group is scattered among different countries.

ethnic violence

0ver 90% of world’s countries contain more than 1 ethnicity, all countries share borders with other ethnicities,. conflict between groups for power

ethnic cleansing

process by which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes less powerful ethnic group in order to create ethnic homogeneity. achieved by forced migration- push out, burn homes, destroy towns. genocide- premeditated effort to kill all from certain ethnic groups.

Gender

cultural reference to socially created distinctions (not biological) between masculinity-femininity

gender equity

women’s welfare )ex; healthcare , educations, career, social roles, political power) women’s welfare lags far behind in much of the world.

Infanticide

killing babies(usually girls)

enfranchisement

political power, voting rights

dowry death

dowry is gift from brides family to grooms (India) . if grooms family is not satisfied with gift, may cast bride out or kill her.