Finals Reviewer
THE PREFERENCIAL OPTION FOR THE POOR
- is the powerful message of mobilization but lacks substance when it comes to working out a replacement system that can change the poor condition in concrete ways.
SAMUEL HUNTINGTON
one of the strongest defenders of globalization, admits in his book, The Clash of Civilizations, that civilizations can be held together by religious worldviews
CALVINISM
a branch of Protestantism, believed that God had already decided who would and would not be saved.
Cultural Imperialism
Its perspective aligns with the neomarxist view and focuses on the negative effects of media and globalization.
Cultural Imperialism
According to them, globalization through media is a process where American culture and values are imposed on other parts of the world. This is also known as Americanization
GLOBAL MEDIA: POSTMODERNISM
It considers media the central point of globalization and focuses on the positive influences of media globalization on society.
POST-MODERNISTS
have been criticized for exaggerating the influence of global media, as people across many cultures still consider their nationality, ethnicity, traditions, and beliefs to play a significant role in their lives and identities.
COHEN AND KENNEDY (2000)
believe that people don’t easily give up their cultures just because they get familiar with elements of global culture
Media
is the plural form of medium, which (broadly speaking) describes any channel of communication
Media
a vital agent for globalization because it plays a crucial role in bringing about the exchange of information.
WORLD OF IDEAS BY PONDANG JOJEAN
Globalization entails the spread of various cultures. Globalization relies on media as its main conduit for the spread of global culture and ideas. There is an intimate relationship between globalization and media which must be unraveled to further understand the contemporary world
1. Being Aware of the Reality 2. Building a New Reality
IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA IN DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF LIFE : IN OUR LIFE
1. Developing Critical Sense 2. Knowledge Contribution
IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA IN DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF LIFE : IN EDUCATION
1. The Right to know the TRUTH
IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA IN DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF LIFE : IN DEMOCRACY
1.) They Determine Our Peace of the World. 2.) Promote Massive Changes
IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA IN DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF LIFE : IN OUR SOCIETY
MEDIA GLOBALIZATION
is the worldwide integration of media (all print, digital, and electronic means of communication) through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.
TECHNOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION
-Refers to the cross-cultural development and exchange of technology.
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
are the primary vehicle of media globalization, according to Lyon (2005)
MEDIA CONSOLIDATION
is a process in which fewer and fewer owners control the majority of media outlets.
CONSOLIDATED MEDIA
IMPROVE SERVICES
CULTURAL AND IDEOLOGICAL BIAS
Media consolidation results in the following dysfunctions:
TECHNOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION
The increasing speed of technological diffusion across the global economy.
TECHNOLOGICAL INEQUALITIES
It is the disparity between the technology that often creates changes that lead to ever greater inequalities.
1. CLASS-BASED ACCESS
2. KNOWLEDGE GAP
TWO FORMS OF TECHNOLOGICAL STRATIFICATION:
CLASS-BASED ACCESS
the form of the digital divide
KNOWLEDGE GAP
an ongoing and increasing gap in information for those who have less access to technology
MEDIA GLOBALISATION
The universal integration of media through the multicultural exchange of ideas.
GLOBAL MEDIA
These includes all forms of mass communication that reach every corner across the globe - television, newspapers, radio, and social media (Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, etc.
CULTURAL GLOBALISATION
- Refers to the transformation and exchange of values, ideas, attitudes, and cultural products across the globe.
Migration
Sports
Entertainment
Food
KEY ASPECTS OF CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION
MIGRATION
refers to the process of people moving from one place to another with the intention of living there.
FOOD AND GLOBAL CULTURE
The spread of different cultural cuisines throughout society is another obvious example of cultural globalization.
SPORTS AND GLOBAL MEDIA
- Cultural globalisation has also led to the establishment of major international sporting events that unite people together in a shared, global leisure experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND GLOBAL MEDIA
Entertainment has helped us understand different cultures and people
CONSUMPTION PATTERNS
The process by which people search, purchase and consume products in a way to meet all their needs or desires.
MEDIA -
the plural of medium and refers to the various channels of communication that disseminate information and knowledge to mass audiences
Internet, Television, Radio, Newspaper, Book, Billboards
INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTS
enhancing globalization
facilitating cultural exchange
multiple flows of information and image
ROLE OF MEDIA IN GLOBALIZATION
MEDIA DEVELOPMENT
involves capacity building for institutions or individuals related to freedom of expression, pluralism and diversity of media, as well as transparency of media ownership.
IREX
The International Research and Exchanges Board’s
The International Research and Exchanges Board’s (IREX) Media Sustainability Index (MSI)
is another widely used tool to evaluate the global development of independent media
MSI
is one of the most important indices "to assess how media systems change over time and across borders.
MEDIA DEVELOPMENT
- refers to efforts to directly improve the media in a society
MEDIA FOR DEVELOPMENT
refers to using existing media to convey messages about specific development issues.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEDIA SECTOR
is a common activity of many development organizations
INTERNEWS
- is an international media development organization.
International Center for Journalists
is a non-profit, professional organization located in Washington, D.C.,
International Research & Exchanges Board (IREX)
is an international nonprofit organization.
NEW MEDIA -
is any media—from newspaper articles and blogs to music and podcasts—that are delivered digitally
Smartphones
Online Radio
E-Books
THE MOST POPULAR EXAMPLES OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE
Media development investment fund (MDIF) formerly media development loan fund
is a New York-registered nonprofit corporation and mission driven investment fund.
DCHA/DG
manages roughly $500,000 annually for media-related work
OTI
was created in 1994 to provide a quick response mechanism in times of crisis.
E&E
currently manages $130,000 annually to support publication of the Europe and Eurasia Media Sustainability Index.
MEPI
Middle East Partnership Initiative
was created in 2002 to promote democracy in the Middle East.
Broadcasting Board of Governors
is responsible for all U.S. government-sponsored, nonmilitary broadcasting for international audiences.
CIMA
works to improve the development of independent media worldwide while working to strengthen the support for such development.
Open Society Foundations (formerly known as the Open Society Institute, OSI)
- is a network of foundations founded by billionaire George Soros.
NED
is a U.S. non-profit soft power organization that was founded in 1983 to promote democracy.
CPJ
is a nonprofit that “defends the rights of journalists to report the news without fear of reprisal. ”
The Dart Center for Journalists & Trauma
based at the University of Washington, Dart does workshops on journalist safety.
IWMF
is a global network of women journalists that runs leadership and training seminars in 22 countries
Visual editors
is a non-profit charity that provides online resources for developing journalists and low-cost seminars in four countries.
BBC Media Action
- is a British implementer that does direct media development work
Panos Network
Is a communication for development organization with autonomous “institutes” around the world.
IFEX
is primarily an advocacy organization
TRADITIONAL MEDIA
It is any type of content that is distributed through established channels.
PRINT MEDIA
It is a traditional mass media published on paper
BROADCAST MEDIA
covers a wide spectrum of different communication methods such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines and any other materials supplied by the media and press
TECHNICAL CONVERGENCE
ECONOMIC CONVERGENCE
CULTURAL CONVERGENCE
TYPES OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE
ACCULTURATION
ASSIMILATION
The Major Forms of Cultural Media Convergence
COMMUNICATION, CONTENT, COMPUTING
3CS OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE
McLuhan (1911-1980)
argued that the rise of new communication technologies would culminate in the creation of a "global village".
Castells (2000)
has argued how the Internet has revolutionised international information exchange due to its ability to move data across borders. •Internet expansion has been rapid
Thussu (2006)
, the establishment of the news agency was the most important development in the newspaper industry of the 19th century. the demand for commercial information ensured that the news agencies grew in power.
Media globalization
is the universal integration of media through the multicultural exchange of ideas
Detraditionalization Giddens
suggests that detraditionalization is essential when it -comes to the consequence of globalization. This refers to people actively questioning their traditional values - religious beliefs, marriage, gender roles, etc
Risk consciousness Ulrich Beck (1992)
points out the importance of global risk consciousness due to shared experiences. Global problems like terrorism, national conflicts, nuclear wars, global warming, etc., threaten populations living in different countries worldwide
RELIGION
Concerned with the sacred.
Follow heavenly precepts.
Assumes that there is "the possibility of communication between humans and the transcendent.
GLOBALISM
- Preoccupied with material gain.
- Follows human-made laws.
- The measure of globalism is how much human action may lead to the highest level of material satisfaction as well as knowledge that this new position provides.
RELIGIOUS
- Less concerned with wealth and all that comes along with it.
- Ascetics precisely because they shun anything material for complete simplicity-from their domain to the clothes they wear, to the food they eat, and even to the manner in which they talk.
- Main duty is to live a virtuous, sinless life such that when he/she dies, he/she is assured of a place in the other world
GLOBALISTS
- are less concerned about whether they will spend eternity in heaven or hell. - Their abilities are more mundane as they attempt to complete trade deals, increase private sector profits, boost government revenue collections, shield the wealthy from excessive government taxation and of course to enrich themselves.
CHRISTIAN CHURCH
the Christian religious community as a whole, or a body or organization of Christian believers.
SUFI AND SHIITE MUSLIM
Also known as brotherhoods, Sufi orders represent a mystycal movement within Islam that emphasizes the posibility of gaining direct knowledge of God through euphoric worship and other practices. These orders can fall within either Sunni or Shia Islam.
BUDDHIST MONASTERIES
generally called vihara. Viharas may be occupied by men or women, and in keeping with common English usage, a vihara populated by females may often be called a nunnery or a convent. However, vihara can also refer to a temple.
PROTESTANT
Is a christian who belongs to the branch of the christian church which separated from the catholic church in the sixteenth century.
MORMONS CHURCHES
The church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon church.
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
The reason why some people flee their communities and establish impregnable sanctuaries
DALAI LAMA
Head of monk of Tibetan Buddhism
TIBET
- Known for its distinctive Buddhist culture
PRIESTESSES AND MONKS
The first revolts against colonialism were led by ______ who warned of outsiders' attempts to destroy their people's cultures
PETER BERGER
said "Contemporary world is furiously religious. In most of the world, there are veritable explosions of religious fervor, occuring in one form or another in all major religious traditions - Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and even Confucianism
The MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT
places religion at the center of it's political system. It's constitution explicitly states that "Islam is the religion of the Federation,"and the ruler of it's state were also the "Head of the Religion Islam."
AYATOLLAH RUHOLLAH KHOMEINI
said "There is no fundamental distinction among constitutional, despotic, dictatorial, democratic, and communist regimes.
ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE
said, "Not only do the Americans practice their religion out of self-interest but they often even place in this world the interest which they have in practicing it" - Alexis de Tocqueville.
Abu Dhabi
UAE
Amman
Jordan
Ankara
Turkey
Baghdad
Iraq
Bandar Seri Begawan
Brunei
Bangkok
Thailand