Globalism Reviewer

Finals Reviewer

THE PREFERENCIAL OPTION FOR THE POOR

\- is the powerful message of mobilization but lacks substance when it comes to working out a replacement system that can change the poor condition in concrete ways.

SAMUEL HUNTINGTON

one of the strongest defenders of globalization, admits in his book, The Clash of Civilizations, that civilizations can be held together by religious worldviews

CALVINISM

a branch of Protestantism, believed that God had already decided who would and would not be saved.

Cultural Imperialism

Its perspective aligns with the neomarxist view and focuses on the negative effects of media and globalization.

Cultural Imperialism

According to them, globalization through media is a process where American culture and values are imposed on other parts of the world. This is also known as Americanization

GLOBAL MEDIA: POSTMODERNISM

It considers media the central point of globalization and focuses on the positive influences of media globalization on society.

POST-MODERNISTS

have been criticized for exaggerating the influence of global media, as people across many cultures still consider their nationality, ethnicity, traditions, and beliefs to play a significant role in their lives and identities.

COHEN AND KENNEDY (2000)

believe that people don’t easily give up their cultures just because they get familiar with elements of global culture

Media

is the plural form of medium, which (broadly speaking) describes any channel of communication

Media

a vital agent for globalization because it plays a crucial role in bringing about the exchange of information.

WORLD OF IDEAS BY PONDANG JOJEAN

Globalization entails the spread of various cultures. Globalization relies on media as its main conduit for the spread of global culture and ideas. There is an intimate relationship between globalization and media which must be unraveled to further understand the contemporary world

1\. Being Aware of the Reality 2. Building a New Reality

IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA IN DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF LIFE : IN OUR LIFE

1\. Developing Critical Sense 2. Knowledge Contribution

IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA IN DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF LIFE : IN EDUCATION

1\. The Right to know the TRUTH

IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA IN DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF LIFE : IN DEMOCRACY

1\.) They Determine Our Peace of the World. 2.) Promote Massive Changes

IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA IN DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF LIFE : IN OUR SOCIETY

MEDIA GLOBALIZATION

is the worldwide integration of media (all print, digital, and electronic means of communication) through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.

TECHNOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION

\-Refers to the cross-cultural development and exchange of technology.

MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS

are the primary vehicle of media globalization, according to Lyon (2005)

MEDIA CONSOLIDATION

is a process in which fewer and fewer owners control the majority of media outlets.

CONSOLIDATED MEDIA

IMPROVE SERVICES

CULTURAL AND IDEOLOGICAL BIAS

Media consolidation results in the following dysfunctions:

TECHNOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION

The increasing speed of technological diffusion across the global economy.

TECHNOLOGICAL INEQUALITIES

It is the disparity between the technology that often creates changes that lead to ever greater inequalities.

1\. CLASS-BASED ACCESS

2\. KNOWLEDGE GAP

TWO FORMS OF TECHNOLOGICAL STRATIFICATION:

CLASS-BASED ACCESS

the form of the digital divide

KNOWLEDGE GAP

an ongoing and increasing gap in information for those who have less access to technology

MEDIA GLOBALISATION

The universal integration of media through the multicultural exchange of ideas.

GLOBAL MEDIA

These includes all forms of mass communication that reach every corner across the globe - television, newspapers, radio, and social media (Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, etc.

CULTURAL GLOBALISATION

\- Refers to the transformation and exchange of values, ideas, attitudes, and cultural products across the globe.

Migration

Sports

Entertainment

Food

KEY ASPECTS OF CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION

MIGRATION

refers to the process of people moving from one place to another with the intention of living there.

FOOD AND GLOBAL CULTURE

The spread of different cultural cuisines throughout society is another obvious example of cultural globalization.

SPORTS AND GLOBAL MEDIA

\- Cultural globalisation has also led to the establishment of major international sporting events that unite people together in a shared, global leisure experience

ENTERTAINMENT AND GLOBAL MEDIA

Entertainment has helped us understand different cultures and people

CONSUMPTION PATTERNS

The process by which people search, purchase and consume products in a way to meet all their needs or desires.

MEDIA -

the plural of medium and refers to the various channels of communication that disseminate information and knowledge to mass audiences

Internet, Television, Radio, Newspaper, Book, Billboards

INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTS

enhancing globalization

facilitating cultural exchange

multiple flows of information and image

ROLE OF MEDIA IN GLOBALIZATION

MEDIA DEVELOPMENT

involves capacity building for institutions or individuals related to freedom of expression, pluralism and diversity of media, as well as transparency of media ownership.

IREX

The International Research and Exchanges Board’s

The International Research and Exchanges Board’s (IREX) Media Sustainability Index (MSI)

is another widely used tool to evaluate the global development of independent media

MSI

is one of the most important indices "to assess how media systems change over time and across borders.

MEDIA DEVELOPMENT

\- refers to efforts to directly improve the media in a society

MEDIA FOR DEVELOPMENT

refers to using existing media to convey messages about specific development issues.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEDIA SECTOR

is a common activity of many development organizations

INTERNEWS

\- is an international media development organization.

International Center for Journalists

is a non-profit, professional organization located in Washington, D.C.,

International Research & Exchanges Board (IREX)

is an international nonprofit organization.

NEW MEDIA -

is any media—from newspaper articles and blogs to music and podcasts—that are delivered digitally

Smartphones

Online Radio

E-Books

THE MOST POPULAR EXAMPLES OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE

Media development investment fund (MDIF) formerly media development loan fund

is a New York-registered nonprofit corporation and mission driven investment fund.

DCHA/DG

\
* manages roughly $500,000 annually for media-related work

OTI

\
* was created in 1994 to provide a quick response mechanism in times of crisis.

E&E

\
* currently manages $130,000 annually to support publication of the Europe and Eurasia Media Sustainability Index.

MEPI

* Middle East Partnership Initiative
* was created in 2002 to promote democracy in the Middle East.

Broadcasting Board of Governors

is responsible for all U.S. government-sponsored, nonmilitary broadcasting for international audiences.

CIMA

\
* works to improve the development of independent media worldwide while working to strengthen the support for such development.

Open Society Foundations (formerly known as the Open Society Institute, OSI)

\- is a network of foundations founded by billionaire George Soros.

NED

\
* is a U.S. non-profit soft power organization that was founded in 1983 to promote democracy.

CPJ

\
* is a nonprofit that “defends the rights of journalists to report the news without fear of reprisal. ”

The Dart Center for Journalists & Trauma

based at the University of Washington, Dart does workshops on journalist safety.

IWMF

\
* is a global network of women journalists that runs leadership and training seminars in 22 countries

Visual editors

is a non-profit charity that provides online resources for developing journalists and low-cost seminars in four countries.

BBC Media Action

\- is a British implementer that does direct media development work

Panos Network

Is a communication for development organization with autonomous “institutes” around the world.

IFEX

\
* is primarily an advocacy organization

TRADITIONAL MEDIA

It is any type of content that is distributed through established channels.

PRINT MEDIA

It is a traditional mass media published on paper

BROADCAST MEDIA

covers a wide spectrum of different communication methods such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines and any other materials supplied by the media and press

1. TECHNICAL CONVERGENCE
2. ECONOMIC CONVERGENCE
3. CULTURAL CONVERGENCE

TYPES OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE

ACCULTURATION

ASSIMILATION

The Major Forms of Cultural Media Convergence

COMMUNICATION, CONTENT, COMPUTING

3CS OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE

McLuhan (1911-1980)

argued that the rise of new communication technologies would culminate in the creation of a "global village".

Castells (2000)

has argued how the Internet has revolutionised international information exchange due to its ability to move data across borders. •Internet expansion has been rapid

Thussu (2006)

, the establishment of the news agency was the most important development in the newspaper industry of the 19th century. the demand for commercial information ensured that the news agencies grew in power.

Media globalization

is the universal integration of media through the multicultural exchange of ideas

Detraditionalization Giddens

suggests that detraditionalization is essential when it -comes to the consequence of globalization. This refers to people actively questioning their traditional values - religious beliefs, marriage, gender roles, etc

Risk consciousness Ulrich Beck (1992)

points out the importance of global risk consciousness due to shared experiences. Global problems like terrorism, national conflicts, nuclear wars, global warming, etc., threaten populations living in different countries worldwide

RELIGION

* Concerned with the sacred.
* Follow heavenly precepts.
* Assumes that there is "the possibility of communication between humans and the transcendent.

GLOBALISM

\- Preoccupied with material gain.

\- Follows human-made laws.

\- The measure of globalism is how much human action may lead to the highest level of material satisfaction as well as knowledge that this new position provides.

RELIGIOUS

\- Less concerned with wealth and all that comes along with it.

\- Ascetics precisely because they shun anything material for complete simplicity-from their domain to the clothes they wear, to the food they eat, and even to the manner in which they talk.

\- Main duty is to live a virtuous, sinless life such that when he/she dies, he/she is assured of a place in the other world

GLOBALISTS

\- are less concerned about whether they will spend eternity in heaven or hell. - Their abilities are more mundane as they attempt to complete trade deals, increase private sector profits, boost government revenue collections, shield the wealthy from excessive government taxation and of course to enrich themselves.

CHRISTIAN CHURCH

the Christian religious community as a whole, or a body or organization of Christian believers.

SUFI AND SHIITE MUSLIM

Also known as brotherhoods, Sufi orders represent a mystycal movement within Islam that emphasizes the posibility of gaining direct knowledge of God through euphoric worship and other practices. These orders can fall within either Sunni or Shia Islam.

BUDDHIST MONASTERIES

generally called vihara. Viharas may be occupied by men or women, and in keeping with common English usage, a vihara populated by females may often be called a nunnery or a convent. However, vihara can also refer to a temple.

PROTESTANT

Is a christian who belongs to the branch of the christian church which separated from the catholic church in the sixteenth century.

MORMONS CHURCHES

The church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon church.

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

The reason why some people flee their communities and establish impregnable sanctuaries

DALAI LAMA

Head of monk of Tibetan Buddhism

TIBET

\- Known for its distinctive Buddhist culture

PRIESTESSES AND MONKS

The first revolts against colonialism were led by ______ who warned of outsiders' attempts to destroy their people's cultures

PETER BERGER

said "Contemporary world is furiously religious. In most of the world, there are veritable explosions of religious fervor, occuring in one form or another in all major religious traditions - Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and even Confucianism

The MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT

places religion at the center of it's political system. It's constitution explicitly states that "Islam is the religion of the Federation,"and the ruler of it's state were also the "Head of the Religion Islam."

AYATOLLAH RUHOLLAH KHOMEINI

said "There is no fundamental distinction among constitutional, despotic, dictatorial, democratic, and communist regimes.

ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE

said, "Not only do the Americans practice their religion out of self-interest but they often even place in this world the interest which they have in practicing it" - Alexis de Tocqueville.

Abu Dhabi

UAE

Amman

Jordan

Ankara

Turkey

Baghdad

Iraq

Bandar Seri Begawan

Brunei

Bangkok

Thailand