Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions
1 / 275
There's no tags or description
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
276 Terms
1
Yamato is typically a responsible and circumspect individual who would never deliberately harm someone else. He is also a safe driver with a history of not even a speeding ticket. One night, however, he was anxious to get home to celebrate a family event, sped up to get through an intersection before the light turned red, and hit another car, injuring the driver seriously. Based on his driving, would a social psychologist classify Yamoto as aggressive?
New cards
2
Yes, because a reasonable person would know that harm might result
New cards
3
Maybe, but only if he had a history of causing such incidents
New cards
4
No, because there is no evidence that Yamato intended to cause harm
New cards
5
Yes, because he deliberately sped up to make it through the light
No, because there is no evidence that Yamato intended to cause harm
New cards
6
Social psychologists typically define aggression as behavior that is intended to cause harm that victims want to avoid. Because there is no evidence that Yamato intended to cause harm to the occupants of the other vehicle, his behavior does not fit the social psychological definition of aggression.
New cards
7
A key part of the social psychological definition of aggression is that it must be intended to cause harm. Accidental behavior, even when arguably reckless from a legal point of view, does not meet the social psychological definition of aggression. Refer to the reading Defining Aggression, Violence, and Antisocial Behavior.
New cards
8
Consider the social psychological definition of aggression and identify the accurate statement.
New cards
9
Aggression refers to any behavior that is intended to harm a person who does not want to be harmed.
New cards
10
Aggression is an emotion that is similar to anger.
New cards
11
Aggression is sometimes accidental.
New cards
12
Aggression involves rehearsing an action multiple times before finally perpetrating it successfully.
Aggression refers to any behavior that is intended to harm a person who does not want to be harmed.
New cards
13
Social psychologists typically define aggression as any behavior that is intended to cause harm that victims want to avoid.
New cards
14
Social psychologists regard aggression as any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid the harm. Refer to the reading Defining Aggression, Violence, and Antisocial Behavior.
New cards
15
Cal and his friends intensely dislike Mr. Jasper who frequently yells at them for making noise. When Mr. Jasper and his partner go away on vacation, Cal and the others take advantage of the situation and vandalize the Jasper home. This behavior is an example of _____.
New cards
16
direct aggression
New cards
17
relational aggression
New cards
18
indirect aggression
New cards
19
displaced aggression
indirect aggression
New cards
20
Indirect aggression is any behavior that intentionally harms another person who is physically absent.
New cards
21
Indirect aggression involves harming someone who is not physically present and, as such, may involve some degree of calculation. It is exemplified in acts such as vandalizing the home of someone who is disliked. Refer to the reading Defining Aggression, Violence, and Antisocial Behavior.
New cards
22
Aggression that involves "cold," premeditated, and calculated behavior is best known as _____.
New cards
23
direct aggression
New cards
24
hostile aggression
New cards
25
proactive aggression
New cards
26
reactive aggression
proactive aggression
New cards
27
Proactive aggression is "cold," premeditated, calculated behavior that is motivated by some goal other than harm.
New cards
28
Proactive aggression, also sometimes called instrumental aggression, is motivated by factors other than causing harm and is premeditated and calculated. For example, someone who feels they have been wronged in some way, such as by being unjustly treated, may plan out a way to harm the individual who has treated them unjustly. Refer to the reading Defining Aggression, Violence, and Antisocial Behavior.
New cards
29
What is the purpose of bullying, as social psychologists view it?
New cards
30
Causing as much psychological harm as possible
New cards
31
Harming groups of people with retaliatory aggression
New cards
32
Venting rage to avoid physical violence
New cards
33
Establishing a power relationship over the victim
Establishing a power relationship over the victim
New cards
34
Bullying is intended to establish a power relationship over the victim.
New cards
35
Bullying refers to persistent aggression by a perpetrator against a victim for the purpose of establishing a power relationship over the victim. The key feature of bullying over other acts of aggression is its persistent nature—the bully repeatedly picks on the victim. Refer to the reading Defining Aggression, Violence, and Antisocial Behavior.
New cards
36
Which of the following best describes the patterns of global violence during the 20th and early 21st century?
New cards
37
While violence against civilians is increasing, wars are decreasing.
New cards
38
Both wars and violence against civilians are increasing.
New cards
39
Both wars and violence against civilians are decreasing.
New cards
40
While wars are increasing, violence against civilians is decreasing.
Both wars and violence against civilians are decreasing.
New cards
41
Global violence has been falling steadily since the middle of the 20th century. The number of wars and the number of individuals killed in those wars, both military and civilian, has decreased. Other rates of violence, including murders, has also decreased.
New cards
42
In today's digital age, we certainly are more informed about wars and other acts of violence than in past ages. "If it bleeds, it leads" seems to be the rule used to determine what news stories to focus on. Because violent images are more available to us now than ever before, we might assume that violence levels are also higher. However, that perception might be due to the availability heuristic. In reality, over time this planet is actually becoming a more peaceful place to live. Refer to the reading Defining Aggression, Violence, and Antisocial Behavior.
New cards
43
Bill has a problem with his temper and believes that venting is the best approach. He expresses his anger before it gets to the point that he explodes. Bill is espousing the approach of _____.
New cards
44
Neal Miller
New cards
45
Albert Bandura
New cards
46
Sigmund Freud
New cards
47
Konrad Lorenz
Konrad Lorenz
New cards
48
Konrad Lorenz proposed an instinct theory of aggression that posited a buildup of aggressive urges that, if not released through some other activity, would inevitably lead to aggression.
New cards
49
Konrad Lorenz proposed an instinct theory of aggression in which a buildup of aggressive urges (like hydraulic pressure inside a closed environment) that, if not released through some other activity, would inevitably lead to aggression. The theory that aggression results from the buildup of an internal drive or tension that must be released still has a profound influence on popular approaches for managing anger such as venting or expressing it, even though numerous studies have found no evidence supporting the hydraulic model. Refer to the reading Is Aggression Innate or Learned?
New cards
50
Often children from homes in which domestic violence occurs engage in aggressive behavior themselves. Children seem to learn aggression by watching others engage in it. This behavior is consistent with which theorist?
New cards
51
Konrad Lorenz
New cards
52
Neal Miller
New cards
53
Sigmund Freud
New cards
54
Albert Bandura
Albert Bandura
New cards
55
According to social learning theorists like Albert Bandura, people learn aggressive behaviors the same way they learn other social behaviors-by direct experience and observation of others.
New cards
56
According to Bandura's social learning theory, people observe and copy or imitate the behavior of others—called modeling. Modeling can weaken or strengthen aggressive responding, depending on whether the model is rewarded or punished for behaving aggressively. Refer to the reading Is Aggression Innate or Learned?
New cards
57
What is the position of most psychologists regarding aggression and culture?
New cards
58
People are inherently pacifists.
New cards
59
Culture helps prevent aggression.
New cards
60
Most rules about aggression are ineffective.
New cards
61
Aggression is inevitable.
Culture helps prevent aggression.
New cards
62
Social psychologists recognize that violence is common, but also note that cultural rules regarding aggression can and do help reduce aggression.
New cards
63
The impulse to lash out against someone who hurts or threatens or humiliates you may be natural and universal (nature says go), but the rules governing action or restraint depend heavily on culture (culture says stop). Some anthropologists and others believe that without cultural encouragement, there would be no aggression, but most social scientists disagree, partly because aggression has been found almost everywhere. The nonviolent human being, not the violent one, is the product of culture. Refer to the reading Is Aggression Innate or Learned?
New cards
64
After the murder of George Floyd in 2020 by police officers who were later convicted, numerous protests, some of which became violent, occurred. Which theorist would be most likely to conceptualize the violence as resulting from long-standing frustration over inequities?
New cards
65
Neal Miller
New cards
66
Albert Bandura
New cards
67
Stanley Milgram
New cards
68
Konrad Lorenz
Neal Miller
New cards
69
Neal Miller is associated with the frustration-aggression hypothesis.
New cards
70
Neal Miller, one of the original authors of Frustration and Aggression, proposed that aggression is always preceded by frustration and that frustration produces instigations to a number of different types of response, one of which is an instigation to some form of aggression. Refer to the reading External Causes of Aggression.
New cards
71
Leslie often has difficulty getting alone with others, who she often views as having some sort of aggressive intent, even when their intentions are ambiguous. This is most consistent with which of the following?
New cards
72
Retribution
New cards
73
Hostile attribution bias
New cards
74
Immediacy of threat
New cards
75
Hostile perception
Hostile attribution bias
New cards
76
The hostile attribution bias is the tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as aggressive. The hostile perception bias is the tendency to perceive social interactions in general as being aggressive.
New cards
77
The hostile attribution bias is the tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as indicating aggressive intent. For example, if someone bumps into you, a hostile attribution would be that the person did it on purpose to harm or annoy you. Refer to the reading Individual Differences in Aggressiveness.
New cards
78
Considering what you know about aggressive behavior, which group is most likely to be aggressive?
New cards
79
Youth gang members
New cards
80
Toddlers
New cards
81
Organized crime gangs
New cards
82
Adolescent males
Toddlers
New cards
83
About 25 percent of toddlers' interactions involve some kind of physical aggression.
New cards
84
Children do not commit many violent crimes, especially as compared to young adult men. Yet Richard Tremblay has provided evidence that very young children are in fact the most aggressive human beings on earth. His research team observed toddlers in daycare settings and recorded that about 25 percent of interactions involve physical aggression (e.g., a child pushes another child out of the way and takes their toy). No adult group, not even violent youth gangs or hardened criminals, resorts to physical aggression 25 percent of the time. Refer to the reading Individual Differences in Aggressiveness.
New cards
85
Men who are sexually coercive _____.
New cards
86
rarely have other sex partners
New cards
87
may devalue women
New cards
88
have less sex than noncoercive men
New cards
89
would prefer to be in committed relationships
may devalue women
New cards
90
A sexually coercive man often devalues women and has little empathy for them.
New cards
91
Sexually coercive men generally have other sex partners and indeed may have more sex than noncoercive men. A sexually coercive man generally does not hate women, but he may devalue them, may have little empathy for their concerns or suffering, and is likely to feel that women have hurt or betrayed him in the past. He has high sexual motivation and enjoys impersonal, uncommitted sex. Refer to the reading Defining Aggression, Violence, and Antisocial Behavior.
New cards
92
Which statement about domestic violence is most accurate?
New cards
93
People who were abused as children will inevitably become abusers in adulthood.
New cards
94
Abuse is not a significant public health issue in the United States.
New cards
95
Older adults are rarely the victims of domestic violence.
New cards
96
The effects of domestic abuse are wide ranging.
The effects of domestic abuse are wide ranging.
New cards
97
Domestic abuse does not just cause physical harm, it causes a wide range of psychological and social harms.
New cards
98
The U.S. Surgeon General declared domestic violence to be the number one health risk in the United States. Physically weaker family members, such as children, older parents, and women are especially at risk of being seriously injured because they are less able to fight back. Domestic violence not only immediately harms victims, but it can also produce long-term harmful consequences (e.g., depression, anxiety, insomnia, loneliness, social dysfunction, somatic symptoms). Refer to the reading Defining Aggression, Violence, and Antisocial Behavior.
New cards
99
Research on the "weapons effect" suggests that when people openly display their weapon(s) in public settings such as stores and restaurants, these public displays will most likely_____.