Med Term: Chap 14- Reproductive System

Orchid/o

Testicles

-pexy

Surgical fixation

Test/i

Testicle, testis

Genitalia

The organs of reproduction and their associated structures

External genitalia

Reproductive organs located outside of the body cavity

Internal genitalia

Reproductive organs protected within the body

Perineum

The external surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx

Male perinuem

Extends from the scrotum to the area around the anus

Female perineum

Extends from the pubic symphysis to the area around the anus

External male genitalia

The penis and scrotum, which contains the two testicles

Internal male genitalia

Include th remaining structures of the male reproductive system

Scrotum

The sac-like structure that surrounds, protects, and supports the testicles. Is suspended from the pubic arch behind the penis and lies between the thighs

Testicles

The two small, egg-shaped glands that produce the sperm. These glands develop within the abdomen of the male fetus and normally descend into the scrotum before or soon after birth

Aka testes

Seminiferous tubules

Sperm are formed within this of each testicle

Epididymis

A coiled tube at hot upper part of each testicle. This tube runs down the length of the testicle, then turns upward toward the body. Here, it narrows to form the tube known as the vas deferens

Spermatic cord

Extends upward from the epididymis and is attached to each testicle. Each cord contains a vas deferens plus arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatic vessels required by each testicle

Sperm

Are the male gametes (reproductive cells)

Aka spermatozoa

Semen

The whitish fluid containing sperm that is ejaculated through the urethra at the peak of male sexual excitement

Ejaculate

Expel suddenly

Spermatogenesis

The process of sperm formation

Motile

Capable of spontaneous motion

Penis

The male sex organ that transports the sperm into the female vagina. This is composed of three columns of erectile tissue

Adjectives “penile” and “phallic” both mean relating to this

Erection

Swelling, hardness, and stiffness

Glans penis

The sensitive region located at the tip of the penis

Aka head of the penis

Foreskin

A retractable double-layered fold of the skin and mucous membrane that covers and protects the glans penis

Aka prepuce

Vas deferens

Th long, narrow continuations of each epididymis. These structures lead upward and eventually join the urethra

Aka ductus deferens

Seminal vesicles

Glands that secrete a thick, yellow substance to nourish the sperm cells. This secretion forms 60% of the volume of semen. These glands are located at the base of the urinary bladder and open into the vas deferens at joins the urethra

Ejaculatory duct

Which begins at the vas deferens, passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra

Prostate gland

Lies under the bladder and surrounds the end of the urethra in the region where the vas deferens enters the urethra

Bulbourethral glands

Located just below the prostate gland. There are two and one of these glands is located on either side of urethra and they open into the urethra

Pre-ejaculate

During sexual arousal, bulbourethral glands secrete this fluid. This fluid helps flush out any residual urine or foreign matter in the urethra. It also lubricates the urethra for sperm to pass through. This fluid can contain sperm and is able to cause pregnancy even if ejaculation doesn’t of occur

Urethra

Passes through the penis to the outside of the body. In the male, this serves both the reproductive and the urinary systems

Urologist

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the genitourinary system of males and the urinary system of females

Genitourinary

Refers to both the genital and urinary organs

Balanitis

An inflammation of the glans penis that is usually caused by poor hygiene in mean who have not had the foreskin removed by circumcision

Phimosis

A narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis. This condition can be present at birth or become apparent during childhood

Erectile dysfunction (ED)

The inability of the male to achieve or maintain a penile erection

Aka impotence

Flaccid

A penis that is not erect

Peyronie’s disease

A form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection

Aka penile curvature

Priapism

A painful erection that lasts for 4 hours or more but is either not accompanied by sexual excitement or does not go away after sexual stimulation has ended. The condition can be caused by medications or by blood-related disease such as sickle cell anemia or leukemia

Premature ejaculation

A condition in which the male reaches climax too soon, usually before or shortly after penetration of the female

Andropause

Marked bay decrease of the male hormone testosterone. It usually begins in the late 40s and progresses very gradually over several decades

Referred as ADAM (Androgen Decline in the Aging Male)

Cryptorchidism

A developmental defect in which one or both of the testicles fail to descend into their normal position in the scrotum

Aka undescended testicle

Epididymitis

Inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder

Hydrocele

A fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading form the testicles

This term is also used to describe the accumulation of fluid in any body cavity

Spermatocele

A cyst that develops in the epididymis and is filled with a milky fluid containing sperm

Testicular cancer

Cancer that begins in the testicles. It is the most common cancer in American males between ages of 15 and 34 years. This cancer is highly treatable when diagnosed early

Testicular torsion

A sharp pain in the scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle

Testitis

Inflammation of one or both testicles

Aka orchitis

Varicocele

A knot of widening varicose veins in one side of the scrotum

Varicose veins

Abnormally swollen veins

Normal sperm count

20 to 120 million or more sperm per milliliter of semen

Azoospermia

The absence of sperm in the semen

Oligospermia

A sperm count of below 20 million per milliliter

Aka low sperm count and is a common cause of male infertility

Hematospermia

The presence of blood in the seminal fluid. This condition can be caused by infections of the seminal vesicles, prostatic is, urethritis, or urethra strictures

Sperm count

The testing of freshly ejaculated semen to determine the volume plus the number, shape, size, and motility of the sperm

aka sperm analysis

Testicular self-examination

A self-half step in early detection of testicular cancer be detecting lumps swelling, or change in the skin of scrotum

Circumincision

The surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis. This optional procedure is usually performed within a few days of birth

Orchidectomy

The surgical removal of one or both testicles

Aka orchiectomy

Orchiopexy

The repair of an undescended testicle. This is endoscopic surgery performed on infants before the age of 1 year to move the testicle into its normal position in the scrotum

Varicocelectomy

The removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to relieve a varicocele

Sterilization

Any procedure rendering an individual (male or female) incapable of reproduction

Castration

The surgical removal or destruction of both testicles

Aka bilateral orchidectomy

Vasectomy

The male sterilization procedure in which a small portion of the vas deferens is surgically removed. This prevent sperm from entering the ejaculate but does not change th volume of semen created by the body

Vasovasoectomy

A procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male

Aka vasectomy reversal

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Infections caused by either bacteria or a virus that affects both males and females. These conditions are commonly spread through sexual intercourse or other genital contact

Aka venereal diseases (VD)

Ophthalmia neonatorum

This condition is a form of conjunctivitis that is caused by the bacteria responsible for chlamydia or gonorrhea

Chlamydia

Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, is the most commonly reported STD in the US. In males, this is one of the causes of urethritis. In female, this can damage the reproductive organs

Bacterial vaginosis

A condition in women in which there is an abnormal overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina. This condition can cause complications during pregnancy and an increased risk of HIV infection if exposed to the virus

Genital herpes

Caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. This conditions is highly contagious, even when visible lesion are not present

Genital warts

Caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV), are highly contagious. In the male, this virus infects the urethra. In the female, it infects the external genitalia, cervix, and vagina

Gonorrhea

A highly contagious condition caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrheae. In women, this condition affects the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes. In men, it affects the urethra by causing painful urination and an abnormal discharge. It can also affect the mouth, throat, and anus of both mean and women

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Transmitted through exposure to infected body fluids, particularly through sexual intercourse with an infected partner

Syphilis

Caused by the bacterium treponema pallidium, has many symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from other STDs. This is highly contagious and is passed from person to person through direct contact from chancre.

Chancre

A sore caused by syphilis

VDRL and RPR

Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (before lesions appear) and Rapid Plasma Reagin are blood tests for syphilis

Trichomoniasis

An infection caused by the parasite trichomoniasis vaginalis

Aka trich

Anorchism

Absence of one or both testicles by congenital disease or trauma or surgery