politics paper 2 example flashcards

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66 Terms

1
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development of the constitution since 1997: HRA 1998
incorporated ECHR into British law, gave British Citizens positively stated rights
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development of the constitution since 1997: HRA 1998 - Article 8
right to family life used in AA v Secretary of State for home department (2022) - allowed convicted Nigerian Drug Dealer to remain in the UK due to British Girlfriend and Child
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development of the constitution since 1997: Supreme Court incompatibility
in 2018, the SC declared the 2005 Civil Partnership Act incompatible with the HRA - government changed the law in 2019 accordingly
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sources of the constitution: SC rules
MS (Pakistan) v Secretary of State for home department (2020) - SC ruled that the government has a duty to protect victims of human trafficking
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development of the constitution since 1997: HOL Act 1999
removed all but 92 Hereditary Peers
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development of the constitution since 1997: devolution
1998 Good Friday Agreement; 2004 North East rejected a regional assembly by 78%; 1998 London voted in favour of a Greater London Mayor; 2000 Local Government Act - allowed local authorities to offer referendums over elected mayors
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development of the constitution since 1997: electoral reform
Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly - AMS; NI- STV; London Assembly - SV but no longer in use as of 2022
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development of the constitution since 1997:  Supreme Court
Constitutional Reform Act 2005 - ended the lords judicial function and established the SC
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development of the constitution since 1997: 2010-2015
2011 AV referendum; 2014 Scottish Referendum and Fixed Term Parliaments Act (repealed in 2022)
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development of the constitution since 1997: recommendations of wright committee 2009 established
parliamentary backbench committee; membership of select committees now determined by MPs in a secret ballot (no longer whips); introduction of E-Petitions
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development of the constitution since 1997: E-Petitions
2023 after a petition reached 183,000 the commons debated a commission to be set up to investigate the process of Brexit for 3 hours

2019 - revoke article 50 and remain in the EU got 6.1 million signatures
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development of the constitution since 1997: devolution from Wales Act 2014
introduction of Police and Crime Commissioners

Turnout in 2016 for police and crime commissioner was 17.7% in Durham
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development of the constitution since 1997: 2015 Recall of MPs Act
Ian Paisley in 2018 was suspended from Parliament for lobbying on behalf of the Syrian Government - recall petition failed with 9.4% signatures ; Fiona Osanaya in 2019 and Christopher Davies in 2019
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development of the constitution since 1997: 2015-now
Scotland Act 2016 ‘demo max’ power granted, 2016 EU referendum, repeal of the fixed term parliament act in 2022
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devolution: scotland referendum
1997 referendum in scotland - 73.4% voted yes and turnout was 60.1%
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devolution: scotland act 1998
established the Scottish parliament and granted several legislative powers to Parliament - local gov, housing, environment, law and order, income tax
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devolution: freedom of intimation act 2002
grace citizens rights of scouting of public bodies
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devolution: different policies in scotland
scotland offers free tuition for Scottish residents
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devolution: example of uk still holding power of devolved bodies
act also states that Westminster reserves the powers over fp, defence, immigration and monetary policy and if scotland had this they would be a nation-ststae
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devolution: socitland parliament act 2016
determine abortion laws, determine speed limits
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devolution: 2014 referendum
55% of Scottish voted to remain and turnout was 84.6%
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devolution: 2022 sc ruiling
in 2022, sc ruled that the Scottish referendum needed approval from Westminster to hold a second referendum
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devolution: 2023 sunak on gender bill
sunak blocked Scotlands 2022 gender recognition act
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devolution: 1997 Wales referendum
50\.3% yes to devolution and turnout was 50.2% ; they were given administrative powers
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devolution: 2011 powers referendum Wales
63\.5% said they wanted an assembly that could made primary legislative decisions - 35.4% turnout
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devolution: Wales act 2014
control over a number of tax, change welsh assembly to welsh government
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devolution: Wales act 2017
welsh government now permanent part of the UKs constitution and rights on transport and income tax
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devolution: ni - Good Friday agreement 1998
under Blair, power sharing assembly to represent unionists and nationalists
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devolution: assembly suspended in ni
2002-2007 due to conflict and 2017 suspended and rule imposed by Westminster and suspended again in 2022
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parliament: house of commons - bills passed in 2019-21
in 2019-21, 92% of bills passed were government bills
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parliament: house of commons - opposition amendments
only 1% of the amendments suggested from opposition were accepted by the public bill committee
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parliament: house of commons - bj in 2023
in 2023, Boris continues to be scrutinised about party gate
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parliament: house of commons - 2022 coronavirus act
acts were passed quickly and lacked efficient scrutiny - gave police extensive powers to break up demonstrations, Sarah Everard
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parliament: house of commons - 2013 Cameron
in 2013, Cameron wanted military strikes against syria but parliament said no
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parliament: house of commons - may defeated
in 2019, mays government was defeated by 432 votes on the Brexit deal offered to parliament
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parliament: house of commons - executive power v speaker
in 2019, John Becrow stood up against the executive and stopped may from re-introducing her un-amended Brexit deal to the HOC
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parliament: house of commons - 2018 windrush scandal
Amber Rudd failed to provide satisfactory answers to home affairs committee - resigned
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parliament: house of commons - select committees
government accepted 40% of recommendations from select committees
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parliament: house of commons -  2021 rebellion
in 2021, Johnsons faced a rebellion of 98 Tory MPs voting against COVID passes
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parliament: house of commons - 2018 defied three line whip
8 Tory MPs voted against Heathrow expansion and defied three line whip
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parliament: house of commons - 2023 liaison committee
sunak was grilled by the liaison committee on economic issues, migration issues and Windsor framework
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parliament: house of commons - 2019 liaison
johnson acoided the meeting with liaison committee so he could concentrate on delivering Brexit
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parliament: house of commons - backbench committee for business
controls agenda 35 days a year
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parliament: House of Lords - 2018 proposed debate
lord steel promised a debate on the killing of palenstines in Gaza Strip by isralie forces
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parliament: House of Lords - defeated
how defeated government 450 times between 1997-2010
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parliament: House of Lords - id cards
how repeatedly advocated against compulsory id cards - played and scrapped by 2010 coalition
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parliament: House of Lords - 2023 lords
2023 lords amended several parts of the strikes bill - eg removed clause that removed protections of unions
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parliament: House of Lords - 2023 eu
2023, lords opposed retained eu law bill
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parliament: prime minister and executive - individual ministerial responsibility
2023, Gavin Williamson sacked for bullying and Dominic Rabb sacked for bullying and Nadhim Zahawi sacked for tax evasion

2022, luella brakeman sacked because of personal emails but then rehired by rishi sunak 6 days layter

2021, matt Hancock finally resigned after affair and breaking covid rules but he did many other things like mislead parliament
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parliament: prime minister and executive - collective ministerial responsibility
2010 coalition broke CMR; allowed Cameron in 2011 to call AV referendum ‘undemocratic’

2016 EU referendums strained CRM through disunity on leave or stay campaigns and it was suspended due to these campaigns
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parliament: cabinet - may in 2018
2018, may did not consult cabinet over airstrikes
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parliament: cabinet - 2018 night of the blunt stiletto
Jeremy hunt refused Mays attempt to demote him from the department of health and allowed him to expand his role - failed reshuffle; night of the blunt stiletto
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parliament: cabinet - mays cabinet
appointed Johnson to her cabinet to bound him by CRM
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parliament: cabinet - sunak appointments
appointed hunt as chancellor due to economic expertise, appointed sella to appease right wing of the party and appointed raab due to loyalties
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parliament: prime minister - Camerons resignations 2016
showed pm cant control events
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parliament: prime minister - 2013 syria
failed to persuade parliament to bomb syria
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parliament: prime minister - sofa government
Blair and gordon brown had already decided to give interest raising power to the Bank of England
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parliament: supreme court - balance of gender
2023, only 2 female justices
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parliament: supreme court - 2017 miller case
ruled in favour of parlaiemtary sovereignty by ruling may could not leave the EU with prerogative powers but needed to consult parliament
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parliament: supreme court - 2018 rule
declared the 2004 Civil Partnership act was incompatible with the HRA
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parliament: executive and parliament - 
thatcher in 1983 won the falklands war and parliaments majority went up to 144

2005-2010; Blairs influence plummeted due to controversies surging the Iraq war in 2003

2019; may called a snap election - lost majority and had to rely on support from DUP
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parliament: the eu - 2016 trade
43% of British trade was with the EU worth 241 billion
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parliament: the eu - 2017 citizens
1\.3 million British citizens living in the EU
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parliament: the eu - 2017 contribution
the uk made a net contribution of 8.9 billion to the EU
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parliament: the eu - 2023 uk paid
paid 1.3 billion to eu in law dispute and eu courts can still rule on how uk applied eu pre-brexit
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factors that affect sovereignty

1. eu
2. hra
3. devolution
4. Wales act 2017 and Scotland act 2016 recognised their permanence by ensuring a referendum was needed to remove the assemblies
5. royal pregorative - influence of the pm
6. referendums