BIO 1150 Plant Structure and Growth

Roots anchor

Plant

Roots absorb

Water and Minerals

Roots store

Carbs and Proteins

Large amount of absorption occurs through

Root Hairs

Modified roots

Prop roots

Storage root

Aerial

Pneumatophores

Buttress roots

Stems raise and separate

Leaves

Stems support

Plant

Stems conduct materials from roots to

Leaves

Apical dominanace

Inhibition of lateral buds on stem by an apical bud

Modified stems serve functions other than just extending leaves such as

Reproduction

Storage

Examples of modified stems

Ginger roots=Rhizomes

stem of an onion= Blubs

Stolon

Potato=Tuber

Leaves are the main

Photosynthetic organs

Different types of trees

Monocot

Simple Leaf

Compound Leaf

Doubly Compound Leaf

Simple leaf has

Petiole

Axillary bud

Compound leaf has

Several leaflet

Axillary bud

Petiole

Doubly compound leaf

There are multiple leaves with several leaflets on each

Petiole

Axillary buds

Modified leaves

Tendrils- Grabbing on to branches

Spines- Protection

Storage Leaves - Storing water

Reproductive leaves

Bracts- Poinsetta

The shoot system of a prickly pear
cactus consists of broad paddle-like
structures covered with clusters of
spines. The spines are modified leaves,
so the flat green paddles must be
modified versions of what structure?
(Concept 35.1)
A. Stems
B. Roots
C. Buds
D. Leaves
E. None of the listed responses is correct.

A Stems

Plant Tissue

Dermal

Vascular

Ground

Dermal tissue system

Epidermis with waxy cuticle

Periderm replaces epidermis in

Stems of woody plants

Trichomes

Epidermal cells that can provide protection from herbivores and other stresses

Types of trichomes

Branched

Glandular

Vascular tissue includes

Xylem

Phloem

Xylem conducts

Water and minerals upward

Phloem conducts

Sugars from where they are produced to where they are needed

Xylem and phloem are bundled in the what and dispersed in the what

Stele in roots

Bundles in the stem

Xylem is what at maturity

Dead and Hallow

Tracheids are more

Primitive

Vessel elements are more

Advanced and efficient

Phloem is what at maturity

Partially alive

Companion cells provide

Cellular support

Ground tissue is all tissue that is neither

Epidermal or vascular

Internal vascular tissue is

Pith

External to vascular tisse

Cortex

Ground tissue includes cells specialized for

Storage

Photosynthesis

Support

Parenchyma cells

Thin walled cells with large vacuole

Intercellular spaces may be present in

Parenchyma cells

Parenchyma cells is the most common type of

Ground tissue

Collenchyma Cell

Flexible support with unevenly thickened cell walls

Sclerenchyma cells are for

Ru=igid support

Thick secondary walls in sclerenchyma cells are made up of

Lignin

Collenchyma cells can be identified by
__________. (Concept 35.1)
A. the lack of nuclei at maturity
B. the presence of chloroplasts
C. their unevenly thickened cell walls
D. their large central vacuoles
E. lignin in the cell walls

C

Plants have what kind of growth

Indeterminate growth

Indeterminate growth

Continues to grow until death

Annual life cycle

Complete life cycle in one year

Biennial life cycle

Complete life cycle in 2 years

Perennials life cycle

Lives many years

Which of the following correctly
describes a feature unique to monocot
stems? (Concept 35.3)
A. Lateral shoots cannot originate near the
surface.
B. Vascular tissue is located all in the
center.
C. Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
D. Ground tissue consists mainly of
parenchyma.
E. Vascular bundles are scattered
throughout the stem.

E

Lateral meristems dd what to woody plants

Thickness

Lateral meristem is a process called

Secondary growth

Two lateral meristems

Vascular and cork cambium

Vascular cambium adds layers of vascular tissue called

Secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Cork cambium replaces the epidermis with

Periderm

Periderm is what compared to epidermis

Ticker and tougher