Organelles of the Cell

Cytoplasm

• The jelly-like substance that is found between the cell membrane and the nucleus

• It contains and suspends the specialized structures (organelles) of the cell

Nucleus

• A large structure within the cell – usually towards the center.

• It controls the cell’s metabolism

• It stores the genetic information – chromosomes and DNA

Vacuole

• Storage Sacks found suspended in the cytoplasm.

• Contains wastes or useful materials – water and food

Ribosome

• The tiny round structures attached to the endoplasmic reticulum,

• They are sites for Protein Synthesis (making) or protein production

Mitochondria

• A pod – shaped organelles that contain enzymes used to extract energy from nutrients.

• The powerhouse of the cell.

Chloroplasts

• The green organelle that contains chlorophyll

• Where photosynthesis takes place.

Cell Membrane (= Plasma Membrane)

• The thin boundary that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.

• The Bouncer – it allows materials into the cells and others out of the cells – oxygen & nutrients in / CO2 & wastes out

Cell Wall

• A structural layer surrounding the cell membrane.

• Can be tough , flexible and rigid.

• Made of cellulose.

• It give structural support and protection to the cell.

• Acts as a filtering mechanism.

Lysosomes

• Specialized vesicles that digest large molecules with enzymes.

• They transport molecules within the cell.

• There can be many of these in the cell.

• Deal with Digestion and Waste Removal – can digest excess or worn out organelles, food, viruses and bacteria.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

An organelle that transports PROTEINS and other materials from one part of the cell to another.

Two Types of ER

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) – have ribosomes attached which make proteins – moves proteins through cell.

• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) – NO Ribosomes attached – moves lipids (fats) through cell.

Centrosome

An organelle near the nucleus of a cell that contains the centrioles (animal cell only).

• This is where the spindle fibers develop in cell division.

• Gives structure to the cell.