Circulatory System and Blood

blood plasma

liquids dissolved substances

formed elements

red blood cells (erythtocytes)

buffy coat

platelets and white blood cells

platelets

thrombocytes and leukocytes

blood osmolality

285 to 295 mOsm

blood pH

7.38 to 7.44

hematocrit

percentage of erythrocytes

hematocrit values

• female: 36-46%

• male: 41-53%

hemoglobin

protein that carries oxygen

hemoglobin values

• female: 12-16

• male 13.5 to 17.5

red blood cells

made up of an enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, involved in carbon dioxide transport

anemia

low red blood cell count

thrombocyte

first step in blood clotting, to many platelet count

erythropoiesis

formation of red blood cells in the blood marrow

blood types

dependent on antigens on ones erythrocytes

antibodies

react against antigens

exgenous antibodies

used for blood typing

agglutination

antigen is present on red blood cells

platelet plug

clot formation

thrombus

blood clot

embolas

free floating blood clot

circulation

movement of blood through blood vesicles/heart

gas exchange

diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulation and cells

left ventricles

pumps blood through systemic circuit

sinoatrial node

primary pacemaker

atrioventricular node

secondary pacemaker

Pwave

when the atria contracts

QRS complex

when the ventricle depolarizes; atria repolarizes

T wave

ventricles repolarize

systole

ventricle contract

diastole

ventricles relaxed

capillaries

one cell layer thick

transportation

all of the substances essential for cellular metabolism are transported by the circulatory system

respiratory

red blood cells

clotting

protects against blood loss when vessels are damaged

arteries

carry blood away from the heart

veins

return blood to the heart

leukocytes

contain nuclei and mitochondria

erythropoietin

production of red blood cells

thrombopoietin

production of blood platelets

ECG

a recording of electrical currents produced by the heart