The 18th Century

What is iconoclasm?

-Removing paintings from churches driven by religious beliefs

-Protestants did this to catholic churches

What does iconoclasm mean?

-Icon: pictures

-Clasm: break

What is this structure?

-St. Martin-in-the-fields

What is there to know about St. Martin-in-the-fields?

-Date: 1682-1754 (17th Century)

-Location: London, England

-Architect: James Gibbs

How did St Martin-in-the-fields affect church designs?

-Set new ideal for protestant churches

What kind of architecture is referred to for James Gibbs?

-Baroque

What book did Gibbs write?

-”A book of Architecture”

What schooling did Gibbs have?

-Went to architecture school in Rome, Italy

-Academy of St. Luke

What was controversial about St Martin-in-the-fields?

-The tower sits behind the temple front

-Looks like tower will crush the temple front

What does the tower of St Martin-in-the-fields?

-Rests on solid stone hidden walls

Why is there only one tower on St Martin-in-the-fields?

-They could not afford 2 bc ppl no like so no money

-So put 1 in the middle

What shape is St Martin-in-the-fields? Why?

-A box

-To gather in 1 point

-Add balconies for more ppl

T/F: The seating in St Martins-in-the-fields has permanent seating

-True!

-Permanent pews

T/F: St Martin-in-the-fields does not have boxes for royal families

-False

-It DOES have these boxes

What is St Martin-in-the-fields made of?

-Wood

-Plaster

-Made to look like stone vaulting

What is special about the columns of St Martin-in-the-fields? Why?

-They do not start on the floor

-Because the pews are raised

-So you can see the columns

What kinds of windows are present in St Martin-in-the-fields?

-Palladian window

-On east end

T/F: There is a wooden model of St Martin-in-the-fields?

-True

Was Gibbs protestant?

-No

-Was Roman Catholic

What is this structure?

-Petit Trianon

What is there to know about Petit Trianon?

-Date: 1761-1768 (18th Century)

-Location: Versailles, France

-Architect: Ange-Jacques Gabriel

-Client: Louis XV for Madame de Pompadour

How did Louis XV get the land to build Petit Trianon?

-He swept away the Trianon of Versailles

-Made the Grand and Petit Trianon

Who was Petit Trianon made for? What happened to her?

-Louis XV mistress, Madame de Pompadour

-She died

-So for Marie Antoinette

What is on the side facade of Petit Trianon?

-Rusticated masonry

-Corinthian pilasters

-3 story facade

What is on the garden facade?

-2 story facade

-Corinthian columns

-Opens to garden

What is on the principal story (first floor)?

-2 staircases (one for servant one for master)

What is at the Masters/grand staircase?

-Windows on inside

-Stone walls

-Room after stairs is dining room

What is in the dining room?

-Chandelier

-Working fireplace

What shape is Petit Trianon set up like?

-A spiral

For what did Ledoux go to school? Where?

-Architecture school

-Jaques Gabriel’s school

What did Ledoux build that is pretty famous?

-Wall around France

-Custom baths at walls (?)

T/F: Ledoux work is preserved well

-False

-Not preserved

What did the royal family have a monopoly on?

-Salt

What is the Royal Saltworks?

-A salt factory

What is this structure?

-The Royal Saltworks

What is there to know about the Royal Saltworks?

-Date: 1775-1779 (18th Century)

-Location: Arc-et-Senans, France

-Architect: Claude-Nicolas-Ledoux

What shape is the Royal Saltworks?

-Semi-circle

T/F: The Royal Saltworks is preserved

-True

Where did the workers live at Saltworks? What did it look like?

-The semi-circle

-No columns

-Windows that have stuff dripping out

-Looks similar to factory building

What kinds of ppl worked at the Saltworks?

-Convicted criminals

What did the entrance pavilion of Saltworks look like?

-Doric columns (Greek)

-Little windows with sculpture coming out

What did Ledoux come up with to influence architecture?

-”Speaking” architecture

-For buildings that speak what their use is

What does the directors house of Saltworks look like?

-Temple front

-Doric columns that are ringed (square to cylinder alternating) (mannerism)

—Said he got it from France when had to use many stones for columns

-Triglyph and metope frieze

-Upper story is chapel

What do the factory buildings look like?

-Rusticated archways

Why did Ledoux have time to work on his old designs and create an ideal city plan?

-Not popular among France

What book did Ledoux write?

-”Architecture according to art and legislation” (?)

What is important about Ledoux ideal city?

-Looks like Saltworks but whole circle

-Institutions around the circle

-House of education

-House for supervisors of lake (lake goes through)

-Oikema: house of se x instruction

—Shaped like weewee

—Shows “speaking architecture”