A&P2: Lab 1 (Blood- ABO, Formed Elements, Blood Components)

Antibodies (Immunoglobins)

Blood plasma proteins, produced during certain immune responses.

Agglutination

Blood clumping

Antigens

On the surfaces of RBCs, called agglutinogens, based on their presence/absence blood can be categorized.

ABO Blood Types

Blood plasma contains anti-A and anti-B antibodies of a type opposite to AB antigen on the red cell surface.

O+

Can donate to all POSITIVE blood types.

O-

Universal donor, can donate to ALL blood types.

Rh factor

People who have Rh antigens are designated Rh+ and those who don’t have it are designated Rh-. Depending on the transfusion, their mixture can cause a severe reaction in the body.

Hemoglobin

Composed of 4 polypeptide chains (globin, protein) and a ring-like nonprotein pigment (heme)

Hemoglobin

Transports O² and Co², regulates blood flow and blood pressure.

Hematocrit

The percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs.

Erythropoietin

Increases the number of RBCs, produced by cells in kidneys.

Plasma

Liquid portion of blood functioning as the solvent and suspension medium ; important for absorption, transportation, and release of heat.

1- Plasma 2- Buffy Coat 3- RBCs

White Blood Cells (WBCs, Leukocytes)

Remove toxins, waste, and damaged/abnormal cells. Help defend body against diseases.

Granulocytes

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils

Agranulocytes

Monocytes and Lymphocytes

Neutrophils

Most abundant, engulf microbes by phagocytosis.

Eosinophils

Defend against parasitic worms, lessen allergy severity.

Basophils

Release histamine (attract other WBCs), cause blood vessels to dilate, play role in allergic reactions.

Monocyte

Largest of formed elements, develop into macrophages (phagocytic cells that engulf invading microbes, dead cells, and cellular debris).

Lymphocytes

(B) give rise to plasma cells which produce antibodies

(T) kill cells that are NOT recognized as coming from the body, or cancerous cells

Components of blood

Blood plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%).

Serum

The remaining fluid once blood clots and solids are removed. Identical to plasma except for the absence of clotting protein fibrinogen.

Neutrophil

Eosinophil

Basophil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

Platelet (thrombocytes)

Refers to individual fragments enclosed by piece of plasma membrane. These fragments enter blood circulation: help form clots to stop bleeding and heal wounds.