Non-Neoplastic Hematopathology Lecture Review

This set of flashcards covers key terminology and concepts from a lecture on non-neoplastic hematopathology.

Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)

Pluripotent cells at the apex of a hierarchy of bone marrow progenitors.

Erythropoietin

A hormone secreted mainly by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production.

Thrombopoietin

A hormone produced by the liver and kidneys that stimulates platelet formation.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)

A factor that stimulates neutrophil production.

Hemoglobin degradation products

Created during the process of red cell hemolysis, accumulated in hemolytic anemias.

Normal peripheral blood smear

A microscopic examination showing normal red blood cell morphology and leukocyte types.

Pelger-Huët anomaly

A genetic defect in terminal neutrophil differentiation leading to bilobed neutrophils.

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) test

A test to distinguish between leukemoid reactions and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

Leukocytosis

An increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood.

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

Increase in neutrophils, often due to acute bacterial infections.

Eosinophilic leukocytosis (eosinophilia)

Increase in eosinophils associated with allergic reactions and certain malignancies.

Basophilic leukocytosis (basophilia)

Rare increase in basophils, often indicative of myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Monocytosis

Increase in monocyte count associated with chronic infections and autoimmune disorders.

Lymphocytosis

Increase in lymphocytes, commonly seen in viral infections and chronic immunologic stimulation.

Döhle bodies

Morphologic changes in neutrophils observed in bacterial sepsis.

Acute nonspecific lymphadenitis

Reactively enlarged lymph nodes often due to infections.

Follicular hyperplasia

Enlarged germinal centers in lymph nodes due to humoral immune response activation.

Rouleaux formation

Red blood cells stacked in chains due to increased serum proteins.

Hemolytic anemia

Anemia caused by a reduced lifespan of red blood cells, often leading to increased erythropoietin.

Hereditary spherocytosis

An inherited disorder characterized by spherical red blood cells due to membrane skeleton defects.

Osmotic Fragility Test

A test indicating the sensitivity of spherocytes to osmotic lysis in hypotonic solutions.

Anisocytosis

Variation in the size of red blood cells.

Poikilocytosis

Variation in the shape of red blood cells.

Reticulocytes

Immature red blood cells released into circulation, indicating increased erythropoiesis.

Myeloid cells

Blood cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells that develop into granulocytes and monocytes.

Lymphoid cells

Blood cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells that develop into lymphocytes.

Acute phase reactants

Serum proteins that increase in response to inflammation, affecting red blood cell behavior.

Cytokines

Signaling molecules that mediate immune responses and influence hematopoiesis.

Chemokines

Molecules that direct the migration of immune cells to sites of infection or inflammation.

Antigen-presenting cells

Cells that display antigens to T cells, crucial in initiating immune responses.

Bone marrow progenitors

Immature cells in the bone marrow that differentiate into various blood cell types.

Erythroid islands

Structures in bone marrow where erythroid progenitors are clustered.

Granulocytic precursors

Cells in bone marrow that develop into granulocytes.

Megakaryocytes

Large cells in the bone marrow that produce platelets.

Spherocytes

Red blood cells that are round and lack the typical biconcave shape due to membrane defects.

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A measure of the average size of red blood cells.

Acute generalized lymphadenopathy

Swelling of lymph nodes throughout the body, typically due to systemic infections.

Neutrophils

Type of white blood cell essential for combating infections.

Basophils

A type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and inflammation.

Chronic nonspecific lymphadenitis

Lymph node enlargement due to prolonged immune or inflammatory responses.

Lymphocyte zones

Areas in lymph nodes where B and T lymphocytes are located and interact.

Germinal centers

Sites in lymph nodes where B cells proliferate and mature after antigen exposure.

Non-neoplastic disorders

Diseases affecting the hematopoietic and lymphoreticular systems that are not cancerous.

Histopathologic manifestations

Microscopic changes seen in tissues due to disease processes.