LESSON 2 GENERAL TISSUE DESCRIPTION

TISSUE

Is used to describe a group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a specific function

ORGAN

Collection of several types of tissues that structurally forms a working unit to perform a particular function

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Refers to the sheets of cells that cover the exterior surfaces of the body

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Lines internal cavities and passageways and forms certain glands

epithelium

EPITHELIAL TISSUE referred to as the _______

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Binds the cells and organs of the body together and functions in the protection, support, and integration of all parts of the body

MUSCLE TISSUE

Is excitable, responding to stimulation and contracting to provide movement

1. Skeletal muscle-voluntary

2. Smooth muscle

3. Cardiac muscle

3 MAJOR TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE:

NERVOUS TISSUE

Is excitable, allowing the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURE OF FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF TISSUES

TISSUE: ___________

CELLS: Agreement polyhedral cells

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX: Small amount

MAIN FUNCTIONS: Lining of surface or body cavities; glandular secretion

CONNECTIVE TISSUE 

FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURE OF FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF TISSUES

TISSUE: ___________

CELLS: Several types of fixed and wandering cells

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX: Abundant amount

MAIN FUNCTIONS: Support and protection of tissues/organs

MUSCLE TISSUE

FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURE OF FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF TISSUES

TISSUE: ___________

CELLS: Elongated contractile cells

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX: Moderate amount

MAIN FUNCTIONS: Strong contraction; body movements

NERVOUS TISSUE

FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURE OF FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF TISSUES

TISSUE: ___________

CELLS: Elongated cells with extremely fine process

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX: Very small amount

MAIN FUNCTIONS: Transmission of nerve impulses

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Covering, lining, and protecting surfaces (e.g. epidermis)

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Is highly cellular, with little or no extracellular material present between cells

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Exhibit polarity with organelles and membrane proteins distributed unevenly within the cell

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Absorption of selective molecules and cell membranes (e.g. intestinal lining)

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Secretion and release of mucous and specific chemical compounds onto their apical surfaces (e.g. parenchymal cells of glands)

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

TYPES OF SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Have the appearance of thin scales

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

TYPES OF SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Squamous cell nuclei tend to be flat, horizontal, elliptical, mirroring the form of the cell

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

TYPES OF SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• The nucleus of the box-like cell appears round and is generally located near the center of the cell

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

TYPES OF SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Are active in the secretion and absorption of molecules

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

TYPES OF SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• The nucleus of the tall column-like cells tends to be elongated and located in the basal end of the cells

Columnar ciliated epithelium

TYPES OF SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• columnar epithelial cells + cilia on the apical surfaces

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

TYPES OF SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUES

• Nuclei of neighboring cells appear at different levels rather than clustered in the basal end

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

TYPES OF SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• The arrangement gives the appearance of stratification. All cells are in contact with the basal lamina, although some do not reach the apical surface

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF SIMPLE TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _____

LOCATION: Air sacs of lungs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF SIMPLE TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _____

LOCATION: In ducts and secretory portions of small glands and in kidney tubules

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF SIMPLE TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _____

LOCATION: Ciliated tissues are in bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus; smooth (nonciliated tissues) are in the digestive tract, bladder

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF SIMPLE TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

LOCATION: Ciliated tissue lines the trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF SIMPLE TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

FUNCTION: Allows material to pass through by diffusion and filtration, and secretes lubricating substance

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF SIMPLE TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

FUNCTION: Secretes and absorbs

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF SIMPLE TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

FUNCTION: Absorbs; it also secretes mucous and enzymes

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF SIMPLE TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

FUNCTION: Secretes mucus; ciliated tissue moves mucous

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

TYPES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Is the most common types of stratified epithelium in the human body

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

TYPES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• The apical cells are squamous

• The basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM

TYPES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Top layer may be covered with dead cells filled with keratin

keratinized

TYPES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUE

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL

• Skin is keratinized or non-keratinized?

non-keratinized

TYPES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUE

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL

• Upper esophagus is keratinized or non-keratinized?

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

TYPES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• The apical cells are cuboidal

• The basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells

• Rarely found in the human body

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELUM

TYPES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• The apical cells are columnar

• The basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells

• Rarely found in the human body

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF STRATIFIED TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

LOCATION: Lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF STRATIFIED TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

LOCATION: Sweat glands, salivary glands, and mammary glands

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF STRATIFIED TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

LOCATION: The male urethra and the ducts of some glands.

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF STRATIFIED TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

LOCATION: Lines the bladder, urethra and ureters

Urothelium

TYPES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

• Other name of transitional is ______

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF STRATIFIED TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

FUNCTION: Protects against abrasion

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF STRATIFIED TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

FUNCTION: Protective tissue

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF STRATIFIED TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

FUNCTION: Secretes and protects

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

FUNCTION AND LOCATION OF STRATIFIED TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

TISSUE: _______

FUNCTION: Allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Dispersed in a matrix usually including large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissues that are embedded within it

Ground substance

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

________ = major component of the matrix often crisscrossed by protein fibers

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Support and connect other tissues

Specialized fluid connective tissue

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• Defends the body from microorganisms is ensured by blood

specialized fluid connective tissue

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• Transports fluid, nutrients, waste, and chemical messenger is ensured by lymph

Loose, Specialized Connective Tissus

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• Stores energy in the form of fat and contribute to the thermal insulation of the body is ensured by the Adipose

LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER

AREOLAR

ADIPOSE

RETICULAR

CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

TYPES OF LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

REGULAR

IRREGULAR

CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

TYPES OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

CARTILAGE

BONES

CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

TYPES OF SUPPORTIVE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

HYALINE

FIBROCARTILAGE

ELASTIC

CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

TYPES OF CARTILAGE

COMPACT BONE

CANCELLOUS BONE 

CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

TYPES OF BONES 

BLOOD

LYMPH

CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

TYPES OF FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE

CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER

SUPPORTIVE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE

TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Mesenchymal

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

what is the pluripotent cell

SKELETAL

MUSCLE TISSUE GENERAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

TISSUE: _________

HISTOLOGY: Long cylindrical fibre; striated; many peripherally-located nuclei

CARDIAC

MUSCLE TISSUE GENERAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

TISSUE: _________

HISTOLOGY: Short, branched fibres; striated; single central nucleus

SMOOTH

MUSCLE TISSUE GENERAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

TISSUE: _________

HISTOLOGY: Short, spindle-shaped fibres; no evident striation; single nucleus

SKELETAL

MUSCLE TISSUE GENERAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

TISSUE: _________

FUNCTION: Voluntary movement; thermogenesis; organ protection

CARDIAC

MUSCLE TISSUE GENERAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

TISSUE: _________

FUNCTION: Contracts to pump blood

SMOOTH

MUSCLE TISSUE GENERAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

TISSUE: _________

FUNCTION: Involuntary movement; moves material through digestive tract and ducts; regulates blood flow in arteries

SKELETAL

MUSCLE TISSUE GENERAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

TISSUE: _________

LOCATION: Attached to bones; found around entrance points to body (e.g mouth, anus)

CARDIAC

MUSCLE TISSUE GENERAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

TISSUE: _________

LOCATION: Heart walls

SMOOTH

MUSCLE TISSUE GENERAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

TISSUE: _________

LOCATION: Walls of major organs and passageways

NERVOUS TISSUE

Excitable and capable of sending and receiving electrochemical signals that provide the body with information

• NEURON

• NEUROGLIA 

NERVOUS TISSUE

TWO MAIN CLASSES: 

NEURON

NERVOUS TISSUE

TWO MAIN CLASSES: 

• propagate information via electrochemical impulses called action potentials

action potentials

NERVOUS TISSUE

TWO MAIN CLASSES: 

• Neuron - propagate information via electrochemical impulses called ______ 

Neuroglia

NERVOUS TISSUE

TWO MAIN CLASSES: 

• play an essential role in supporting neurons and modulating their information in propagation

SIMPLE COLUMNAR CILIATED EPITHELIUM

TYPES OF SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Found on bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM 

TYPES OF SIMPLE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

• Found on digestive track and bladder