COMPROG 2 MIDTERM QUIZ

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Python Programming

A step-by-step process of instructions (code) followed by a computer to perform a specific task.

Algorithms Design

The process of breaking down complex problems into smaller, manageable pieces.

Debugging

Identifying and fixing errors (specifically syntax errors) in code.

Testing

Ensuring that code behaves as expected and identifying logical errors.

Optimization

The process of ensuring a program runs efficiently.

Documentation

Comments within the code used to help others or yourself understand how the code works.

Version Control

A system for collaborative development.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

A software suite for developers that includes:

Code Editor

For writing and editing code with features like syntax highlighting and code completion.

Debugger

To set breakpoints and inspect variables during execution.

Compiler/Interpreter

To translate source code into machine-executable instructions.

Python

An interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1991, known for its readability

Variables

Used to store data; they occupy memory space based on the type of value assigned to them.

Identifiers

The name given to a variable, function, or class. They must start with a letter or underscore and cannot start with a number.

Immutable Data Types

Data types whose values cannot be changed after creation (e.g., Numbers, Strings, Tuples).

Mutable Data Types

Data types whose values can be changed (e.g., Lists, Dictionaries, Sets).

Python Keywords

Reserved words (like while, def, if) that have special meanings and cannot be used as identifiers.

int

Represents whole numbers (e.g., -1, 0, 100)

float

Represents decimal/floating-point numbers (e.g., 3.14).

str (String)

Represents text enclosed in single or double quotes.

list

A mutable, ordered collection of items.

tuple

An immutable, ordered collection of items.

dict (Dictionary)

An unordered collection of key-value pairs.

bool (Boolean)

Represents True or False values.

Function

A block of code containing one or more statements used to perform a specific, repeatable task.

Code Re-usability

The primary benefit of functions; writing code once and calling it wherever needed to avoid redundancy.

Function Declaration

Defined using the def keyword, followed by the function name and parameters.

Built-in Functions

Predefined functions already available in Python, such as print() or help().

User-defined Functions

Functions created by the programmer for specific application needs.

Default Arguments

Parameters that take a default value if no argument is provided during the function call.

Binary System (Base-two)

A numeral system used by computers composed only of two digits: 0 and 1.

Bitwise Operators

Operators that perform operations on the individual bits of a number.

& (Bitwise AND)

Returns 1 if both bits are 1.

| (Bitwise OR)

Returns 1 if at least one bit is 1

^ (Bitwise XOR)

Returns 1 if only one of the bits is 1.

~ (Bitwise NOT)

A unary operator that flips all the bits of the operand.

<< (Left Shift)

Shifts bits to the left by a specified number of positions.

>> (Right Shift)

Shifts bits to the right.

Compound Operators

Shorthand notation that combines a bitwise operation with assignment (e.g., a &= b is a = a & b).

Byte / Octet

A unit of information comprising eight bits, capable of storing 256 distinct values.

UTF-8

A character encoding standard that is a superset of ASCII and favors Latin letters to save space.