Biomedical cardiology flashcards

What are the chambers of the heart?

Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

What vessels lead to the heart?

Superior vena cava → to the right atrium

Pulmonary veins → to the left atrium

What vessels lead from the heart?

Pulmonary artery → from the right ventricle

Aorta → from the left ventricle

What are the names of the valves in the heart

Tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral (bicuspid) valve, aortic valve

What is the purpose of valves in the heart

To prevent back-flow of blood, ensures blood goes one way

What is the direction of blood flow through the heart that is oxygen poor?

Superior/inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → pulmonary arteries → lungs

What is the direction of blood flow through the heart that is oxygen rich

Lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta → body

What is the function of blood

Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products - provides immune defense and clotting

What are the circuits of the circulatory system

Pulmonary and systemic

What is the pulmonary circut

Blood lows between the heart and lungs

What is the systemic circut

Blood flows between the heart and the rest of the body

What is considered normal blood pressure

120/80 mmHg

What is the top number in blood pressure called

Systolic pressure - heart contracts

What is the bottom number called in blood pressure

Diastolic pressure - heart relaxes

What are some diseases of the circulatory system

Hypertension - high blood pressure

Stroke - blocked or bust blood vessel in the brain

Heart attack - blocked coronary artery

What is the differences between vessels in the circulatory system

Arteries - away from heart

Veins - to heart

Capillaries - gas and nutrient exchange

When the right ventricle contracts, which type of vessel does the blood enter

Pulmonary artery

When the left ventricle contracts, which type of vessel does the blood enter

aorta

Which blood cell contains the protein hemoglobin

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Does a red blood cell have a nucleus

No, they do not

Atrium

Upper chambers that receive blood entering the heart

Ventricle

Lower chamber that pumps blood out of the heart - left to the heart - right to the body

Tricuspid valve

Located between right atrium and right ventricle - prevents back flow

Mitral valve

Located between the left atrium and ventricle, prevents backflow

Pulmonary valve

Located at the base of the aorta, prevents back flow of blood from the ventricle to the lungs

Aortic valve

Located at base of aorta - prevents backflow of blood from ventricle to the body

Coronary arteries

Arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle itself