Chapter 2 and 3 Test

Samuel Gompers

Samuel Gompers

Formed the American Federation of Labor in 1886

American Federation of Labor’ goals

• Shortening workday

• Ending child labor

• Improving standards of living conditions for workers

• A guarantee of the right to collective bargaining

Keating-Owen Act (1916)

an act backed by the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC) which made child labor illegal using the Constitution’s commerce clause.

The act was struck down in 1918 because it was ruled that factory production was not commerce —> state regulated.

New York Triangle Shirtwaist Factory (1911)

Fire broke out, and because of the massive amount of fire hazards and lack of overall safety in the building, there were 146 deaths in the factory.

Event led to the creation of the New York Factory Investigating Commission. They wrote 36 new safety bills.

Seneca Falls, New York

Location of the first American women’s rights convention.

National American Women Suffrage Association (1890)

Created to focus on women’s suffrage and other women’s issues, like temperance, charity work, and workplace equality.

Alice Paul

Militant activist who formed a more radical organization: the National Women’s Party.

She marched in the 1913 procession and picketed at the White House for 18 months.

Nineteenth Amendment

Women can now vote! Yay!

5 causes of WW1

Book:

• Militarism

• An arm’s race

• Imperialism

• Nationalism

• Entangling Alliances

Notes:

• Imperialism

• Nationalism

• Assassination of Arch Duke Ferdinand

• Competition for land, resources

• Alliances

Allies

• US

• Great Britain

• France

• Italy

• Japan

Central Powers

• GERMANY

• Austria-Hungary

• Ottoman Empire

Lusitania

In 1915, a British passenger ship, the Lusitania, was sunk by German torpedoes, killing 123 American passengers.

Zimmerman Telegram

Telegram sent from German ambassador to a Mexican ambassador.

It proposed that if Mexico would ally itself with Germany, then Germany would reward Mexico with California, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas.

Selective Service Act (1917)

Helped fill the ranks of the armed force by requiring physically fit men between the ages 21-30 to enlist.

Treaty of Versailles

Created by US president Wilson. Meant to end war and create League of Nations. US does not sign, and is therefore not part of the League of Nations.

Flappers

rebellious young woman who cut her hair short, wore shorter skirts, smoked and drank in public, went out without a chaperone, were the most extreme symbol of women’s increased freedom.

Prohibition

The 18th amendment- the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol is illegal.

Repealed in 1933 with the 21st amendment

Temperance Movement

Meant to prevent people from drinking alcohol.
Reasoning varied:

• Ensure workers more reliable

• Religious justifications

• Feminist issue

Laissez-faire

‘Let it be’ in French. Referred to the lack of government interference in the economy.

Henry Ford

Creator of the ASSEMBLY LINE. Allowed for less expensive mass production of cars. Greatly boosted other industries like glass, rubber, and steel.

‘Run’ on banks

All people rushing to get their money out of banks all at the same time. Banks literally run out of money. 9,000 banks close.

‘Dust Bowl’

States in the Great Plains that were so severely in drought, and were simultaneously facing dust storms. No water, and breathing was difficult.

‘Hooverville’

Slang used to describe a homeless camp made up of tents because of general resentment to Hoover administration.

3 Progressive Presidents

• Roosevelt

• Taft

• Wilson

Policies: reforms

• Labor

• Farmers

• Women

3 Republican Presidents

• Harding

• Coolidge

• Hoover

Policies:

• Conservative

• Pro-big business

• Anti-regulation

• Pro-managment

• Anti-labor

Women’s roles: ‘Separate spheres’

A philosophy which held that men belonged in the public sphere of work, like business and politics, while women belonged in the private sphere of the home.

• Women had influence over politics by quietly suggesting things to their husbands while at home.

Great Migration

African Americans moved from south to north (6 mil).

• Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis, and Harlem were common settling places.

• Cultures spread: jazz and blues music brought from south to north.

Causes of Great Depression

• 1929 stock market crash

• Simply part of the business cycle

"‘What goes up, must come down’.Economies go through normal fluctuations (ups and downs), so that after a period of prosperity, or ‘boom’, an economy will naturally even itself out with a period of recession or even depression.

Why was Repatriation created?

Because the Great Depression left millions without jobs, the Republicans decided that they would create jobs by getting rid of anyone with a Mexican-sounding name.

What did Repatriation do?

Forcibly removed one million people from the US and sent them to Mexico, a country most did not know.

Who created Repatriation?

William N. Doak, Secretary of Labor in 1930, reward responsible for the policy.

How did Repatriation affect people?

New Deal offered a little help: Farm Security Administration established camps for migrant farm workers in CA, and CCC and WPA hired unemployed Mexican Americans on relief jobs.

Meant did not qualify for relief assistance because migrant workers did not meet residency requirements.