NAS 2 Macromolecules

macromolecule synthesis

the process by which large molecules necessary for life are built from smaller organic molecules, forming polymers from monomers.

dehydration (condensation) reaction

a chemical reaction where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, releasing a water molecule as a byproduct.

hydrolysis reaction

a chemical reaction where a water molecule is added to break a bond in a polymer, resulting in the formation of monomers.

role of enzymes in dehydration and hydrolysis reactions

catalyze/speed up the processes by lowering the activation energy required.

carbon

its ability to form covalent bonds create a variety of complex and stable organic compounds essential for life.

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

organic molecules essential to human functioning

types of carbs

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

carbohydrates

provide energy, especially glucose, which is used to produce ATP.

types of lipids

Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and eicosanoids.

protein structure

composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming polypeptide chains that fold into specific three-dimensional shapes.

protein

serve as enzymes, structural components, transporters, antibodies, and hormones, among other roles.

nucleotides

Building blocks of nucleic acids which consist of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

DNA

stores genetic information

RNA

involved in protein synthesis

ATP

provides energy for cellular processes.