AP Human Geography Unit 6 extra note cards

Brownfields

Abandoned sites with pollution and dilapidation.

Urban Redevelopment

Renovating and rebuilding urban sites.

Blighted Area

Deteriorated area declared for redevelopment.

Eminent Domain

Government seizes land for public use.

Tax-break Incentives

Reductions in taxes for private developers.

Urban Canyons

Tall buildings channel wind and block sunlight.

Compacted Soils

Soils replaced with impermeable structures.

Urban Flooding

Rainwater runoff due to impermeable surfaces.

Water Demand

Increased need for water in urban areas.

Wildlife Conflict

Disruption of animal habitats by urban expansion.

Native Animals

Local species affected by urban encroachment.

Urban Wildlife

Species thriving in cities, causing nuisances.

Feral Populations

Abandoned pets disrupting ecosystems.

Pollution Sources

Industrial and human waste concentrated in cities.

Sustainable Urban Living

Living in cities while minimizing environmental impact.

Redevelopment Sites

Locations repurposed after remediation of brownfields.

Historic Neighborhoods

Areas with cultural significance potentially destroyed.

Community Displacement

Forcing residents to leave due to redevelopment.

Environmental Challenges

Issues arising from urbanization affecting nature.

Urban Ecosystems

Interconnected natural systems disrupted by cities.

Aquifer Pollution

Contamination of underground water sources.

Coastal Pollution

Contamination of coastal areas from urban waste.

Urbanization Rate

Projected increase of city populations by 2050.

Government Collaboration

Multiple levels of government working together.

Renovation Examples

Old factories converted into apartments or boutiques.

Market Value Compensation

Payment to landowners for seized property.

Urban Sustainability

Balancing urban growth with environmental health.

Air Pollution

Increase in pollutants due to industrial activity.

Emissions

Release of pollutants from vehicles and industries.

Smog

Air pollution causing reduced visibility and health issues.

Temperature Inversions

Hot air trapping cool air, worsening pollution.

Urban Sprawl

Horizontal expansion of cities beyond inner areas.

Commuting Periods

Rush hours when traffic congestion peaks.

Ecological Footprint

Impact of human activity on the environment.

Suburban Sprawl

Rapid development of suburbs from urban centers.

Regional Planning

Collaborative approach to manage urban expansion.

Brownfields

Abandoned industrial sites needing redevelopment.

Urban Sustainability

Efforts to maintain livability in expanding cities.

Inner-City Housing Issues

Problems of quality, availability, and affordability.

Coal Usage

Primary energy source contributing to air pollution.

Health Risks

Negative effects of pollution on inhabitants' health.

Land Availability

Access to inexpensive land fueling urban sprawl.

High-Speed Highways

Roads facilitating suburban expansion and commuting.

Automobile Dependency

Reliance on cars for transportation in cities.

Industrial Decline

Reduction of manufacturing jobs in urban centers.

Economic Strength

Cities' financial viability affected by industrial changes.

Transitional Areas

Regions undergoing change, often with high rentals.

Ethnic Enclaves

Neighborhoods with high concentrations of specific ethnic groups.

Mass Transit Lines

Public transport routes affecting housing dynamics.

Poor Housing Quality

Substandard living conditions in inner-city areas.

Insufficient Housing Availability

Lack of enough affordable homes for residents.

Unaffordability

High costs making housing inaccessible for many.

Pollution Concentration

Accumulation of pollutants in urban environments.

Urban Challenges

Issues arising from rapid urbanization and growth.

Redlining

Refusal of loans based on neighborhood risk.

Housing Discrimination

Denial of housing based on race or gender.

Female-Headed Households

Households led by women, often in poverty.

Urban Decay

Deterioration of inner-city neighborhoods over time.

Racial Segregation

Living separately based on ethnicity or race.

Blockbusting

Selling homes due to incoming ethnic groups.

Ghetto

Poverty-stricken area occupied by minorities.

Fair Housing Act of 1968

Legislation prohibiting housing discrimination.

Census Bureau Data

Statistical data on U.S. population demographics.

Homeownership Rates

Percentage of individuals owning their homes.

Poverty Rates

Percentage of population living below poverty line.

Economic Impact of Homeownership

Homeownership contributes to individual wealth accumulation.

Suburban Exclusion

Minorities denied home purchases in suburban areas.

Cultural Change Cycles

Neighborhoods undergo shifts in demographics and use.

Air Pollution Concentration

Higher pollution levels in poorer neighborhoods.

Crime Rates

Frequency of crime incidents in specific areas.

Access to Daycare

Availability of childcare services in neighborhoods.

Housing Affordability

Cost of housing relative to income levels.

Women in Central Cities

Higher female population in urban areas.

Economic Disparity

Inequality in wealth and resources among groups.

Neighborhood Investment Risks

Perceived financial risk in lending to certain areas.

Demographic Disparity

Differences in population characteristics across groups.

Discriminatory Practices

Actions that unfairly disadvantage certain groups.

Minority Homeownership Improvement

Increased rates of homeownership among minorities.

Historical Discrimination

Past legal practices that enforced inequality.

Social Services Availability

Access to community support and resources.

Wind Patterns

Directional air flow affecting pollution distribution.

Ghetto

Neighborhoods with high poverty and limited opportunities.

Affordable Housing

Housing affordable to low-income residents.

Rent Control

Policies limiting rent increases in certain areas.

Inclusionary Zoning

Regulations requiring affordable housing in developments.

Public Housing

Government-funded housing for low-income residents.

Scattered-Site Approach

Dispersing public housing across various neighborhoods.

Urban Renewal

Policy to revitalize blighted urban areas.

Eminent Domain

Government's right to acquire private property.

Gentrification

Transformation of low-income areas to wealthier neighborhoods.

Urban Decay

Deterioration of urban areas due to neglect.

Community Services

Support services provided to enhance neighborhood quality.

Economic Opportunities

Job prospects available to residents in an area.

High-Rise Apartments

Tall residential buildings often found in urban areas.

Public Transportation

System providing transport options for urban residents.

Dual-Income Households

Families with two earners, often childless.

Neighborhood Amenities

Facilities and services available to local residents.

Social Factors

Community influences affecting residents' quality of life.

Political Factors

Government policies impacting housing and neighborhoods.

Underfunded Education

Schools lacking sufficient financial resources.