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_____: striped pattern used by researchers tot study feature detectors in the human visual system
grating
________: neurons adapt after extended exposure causing their firing rate to decrease and neuron to fire less when stimulus is repeated
selective adaptation
as we move down the visual pathway, receptive fields get _____ (bigger/smaller) and _______ (more/less) specific
bigger, more
"____" pathway = ventrally to the _____ lobe
what, temporal
"_____" pathway = dorsally to the _____ lobe
where/how, parietal
landmark discrimination takes place in the _______ lobe
parietal
object discrimination takes place in the ______ lobe
temporal
agnosia is a problem with the _____ pathway
what
_______: no trouble identifying objects but can't reach them
optic ataxia
which is the smallest? orientation columns, hyper-columms, or location columns
orientation
3 stages of object perception
early vision, mid-level vision, high-level vision
which stage of object perception? detecting and combining features, gestalt laws
early vision
which stage of object perception? constructing surfaces and objects in a 3D space, figure ground segregation
mid-level vision
which stage of object perception does binocular vision most come into play
mid-level vision
which stage of object perception? identifying the object
high-level vision
_____ completion: unconscious process of completing shapes that are partially hidden, filling what is being occluded
amodal
_____ completion: filling in something that is actually not there, filling what is doing the occluding
modal
_______ regularities are thing we expect to perceive in objects/scenes, using schemas
semantic
which gestalt cue? we tend to continue contours when there is an implied direction (seeing crossing lines in string rather than dividing x)
law of good continuation
which gestalt cue? forms with the most simplicity and ease of remembrance are most easily understood. simplest shapes we can make out is what we tend to see
law of simplicity/pragnanz
which gestalt cue? things that share familiar features more likely to be grouped as whole
law of similarity
which gestalt cue? grouping things that are closer together, things further as separate
law of proximity
which gestalt cue? leads us to group together objects moving in the same direction
law of common fate
which gestalt cue? things more likely to form a group that appear familiar or meaningful
law of familiarity
which gestalt cue? elements within the same region of space are grouped together
principle of common region
which gestalt cue? a connected region of the same visual properties are perceived as a unit
principle of elemental connectedness
which gestalt cue? visual events that occur at the same time will be perceived as going together
principle of synchrony
which pictorial depth cue? when one object is partially hidden by another, it is perceived as further away
occlusion/interposition
which pictorial depth cue? further things appear smaller. when two objects are the same size, the one further will be smaller on retina.
relative size
which pictorial depth cue? if you know how large an object actually is, the size of the retinal image can give you a depth cue
familiar size
which pictorial depth cue? using shadows to give depth information
shadows
which pictorial depth cue? as a surface recedes from light, it appears less bright and more darkly shadowed
shading
which pictorial depth cue? objects further away look less sharp and clear
atmospheric perspective
which pictorial depth cue? items further away look more closely packed together because the density of a texture's gradient varies with distance
texture gradient
which pictorial depth cue? stimuli with a higher relative height seem further away
relative height
which pictorial depth cue? as parallel lines head into distance, they look like they converge (2 names)
perspective convergence/linear perspective
convergence is a ______ (intra/extraocular) and ______ (mono/binocular) cue
extraocular, binocular
accommodation and blur is a _____ (intra/extraocular) and ______ (mono/binocular) cue
intraocular, monocular
we first see disparity selective neurons in ___
V1
__ degrees disparity is the most represented in V1
0
after V1, disparity selective neurons are mainly found in the _____ pathway
where
which depth cue? when moving, objects that are closer seem to move by faster
motion parallax
which depth cue? as you move past something, the thing that is further away will be covered by closer object and come out on other side
deletion and accretion
_____: the difference in images of the two eyes
binocular disparity
______ (crossed/uncrossed) disparity occurs for objects in front of the horopter
crossed
_______ (crossed/uncrossed) disparity occurs for objects past the horopter
uncrossed
______: the perceptual outcome of binocular disparity
stereopsis
in IT areas, activation is due to ______ not ______
perception, sensation
ponzo illusion (yellow line and train tracks) corresponds to what pictorial depth cue
linear perspective
which theory of color vision? we see color based on activation of 3 cone types and the comparison of those activations
trichromatic theory
which theory of color vision? Hering, color vision comes from 4 primary colors arranged in opposite pairs
opponent-process theory
green is paired with ____ and blue is paired with _____
red, yellow
patient RV had ______
optic ataxia
FFA is activated by ______
perceptual expertise
______: fuzzy edge of a shadow
penumbra
_______: idea that making sense of a 3D world with a 2D retinal image is a difficult problem to solve
inverse projection problem