NSCI 225 LC 2

_____: striped pattern used by researchers tot study feature detectors in the human visual system

grating

________: neurons adapt after extended exposure causing their firing rate to decrease and neuron to fire less when stimulus is repeated

selective adaptation

as we move down the visual pathway, receptive fields get _____ (bigger/smaller) and _______ (more/less) specific

bigger, more

"____" pathway = ventrally to the _____ lobe

what, temporal

"_____" pathway = dorsally to the _____ lobe

where/how, parietal

landmark discrimination takes place in the _______ lobe

parietal

object discrimination takes place in the ______ lobe

temporal

agnosia is a problem with the _____ pathway

what

_______: no trouble identifying objects but can't reach them

optic ataxia

which is the smallest? orientation columns, hyper-columms, or location columns

orientation

3 stages of object perception

early vision, mid-level vision, high-level vision

which stage of object perception? detecting and combining features, gestalt laws

early vision

which stage of object perception? constructing surfaces and objects in a 3D space, figure ground segregation

mid-level vision

which stage of object perception does binocular vision most come into play

mid-level vision

which stage of object perception? identifying the object

high-level vision

_____ completion: unconscious process of completing shapes that are partially hidden, filling what is being occluded

amodal

_____ completion: filling in something that is actually not there, filling what is doing the occluding

modal

_______ regularities are thing we expect to perceive in objects/scenes, using schemas

semantic

which gestalt cue? we tend to continue contours when there is an implied direction (seeing crossing lines in string rather than dividing x)

law of good continuation

which gestalt cue? forms with the most simplicity and ease of remembrance are most easily understood. simplest shapes we can make out is what we tend to see

law of simplicity/pragnanz

which gestalt cue? things that share familiar features more likely to be grouped as whole

law of similarity

which gestalt cue? grouping things that are closer together, things further as separate

law of proximity

which gestalt cue? leads us to group together objects moving in the same direction

law of common fate

which gestalt cue? things more likely to form a group that appear familiar or meaningful

law of familiarity

which gestalt cue? elements within the same region of space are grouped together

principle of common region

which gestalt cue? a connected region of the same visual properties are perceived as a unit

principle of elemental connectedness

which gestalt cue? visual events that occur at the same time will be perceived as going together

principle of synchrony

which pictorial depth cue? when one object is partially hidden by another, it is perceived as further away

occlusion/interposition

which pictorial depth cue? further things appear smaller. when two objects are the same size, the one further will be smaller on retina.

relative size

which pictorial depth cue? if you know how large an object actually is, the size of the retinal image can give you a depth cue

familiar size

which pictorial depth cue? using shadows to give depth information

shadows

which pictorial depth cue? as a surface recedes from light, it appears less bright and more darkly shadowed

shading

which pictorial depth cue? objects further away look less sharp and clear

atmospheric perspective

which pictorial depth cue? items further away look more closely packed together because the density of a texture's gradient varies with distance

texture gradient

which pictorial depth cue? stimuli with a higher relative height seem further away

relative height

which pictorial depth cue? as parallel lines head into distance, they look like they converge (2 names)

perspective convergence/linear perspective

convergence is a ______ (intra/extraocular) and ______ (mono/binocular) cue

extraocular, binocular

accommodation and blur is a _____ (intra/extraocular) and ______ (mono/binocular) cue

intraocular, monocular

we first see disparity selective neurons in ___

V1

__ degrees disparity is the most represented in V1

0

after V1, disparity selective neurons are mainly found in the _____ pathway

where

which depth cue? when moving, objects that are closer seem to move by faster

motion parallax

which depth cue? as you move past something, the thing that is further away will be covered by closer object and come out on other side

deletion and accretion

_____: the difference in images of the two eyes

binocular disparity

______ (crossed/uncrossed) disparity occurs for objects in front of the horopter

crossed

_______ (crossed/uncrossed) disparity occurs for objects past the horopter

uncrossed

______: the perceptual outcome of binocular disparity

stereopsis

in IT areas, activation is due to ______ not ______

perception, sensation

ponzo illusion (yellow line and train tracks) corresponds to what pictorial depth cue

linear perspective

which theory of color vision? we see color based on activation of 3 cone types and the comparison of those activations

trichromatic theory

which theory of color vision? Hering, color vision comes from 4 primary colors arranged in opposite pairs

opponent-process theory

green is paired with ____ and blue is paired with _____

red, yellow

patient RV had ______

optic ataxia

FFA is activated by ______

perceptual expertise

______: fuzzy edge of a shadow

penumbra

_______: idea that making sense of a 3D world with a 2D retinal image is a difficult problem to solve

inverse projection problem