AP HUMAN EXAM UNIT 2

Ecumene

Where people set

Arithmetic Density

Total number of people/ total area (includes non-livable land

Physiological Density

People/livable land

Agricultural Density

Farmers/Arable land

Carrying Capacity

Max population size environment can sustain

Overpopulation

Not enough resources to support a population

Age/Sex ratio

Ratio of males to females of different ages

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Births per one thousand ppl

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Number of deaths per one thousand ppl

Doubling Time

Time it takes for population to double

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Number of dead children under one per 1,000 live births

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Birth rate - Death rate

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Average number of children a woman has in her fecund years

Describe stage one of the demographic transition model.

High death and birth rates,Stable or slow NIR, disease and famine prevalent

Describe stage two of the demographic transition model

High birth rate, rapidly falling death rate, high NIR, lower IMR

Describe stage three of the demographic transition model

Falling birth rate, falling death rate, slower NIR

Describe stage four of the demographic transition model

Low death and birth rates, stable or slow NIR, reliable health care, food, and family planning

Describe stage five of the demographic transition model

Very low birth rate, low death rate, slow NIR

Antinatalist policies

Policies that discourage birth

Pronatalist policies

Encourage birth

Ravenstein’s Law of Migration

1. Majority go a short distance

2. Migration proceeds step by step

3. Migration produced counter-stream

4. People in urban areas are less likely to migrate

5. Migrants go to large economic centers

6. Women are more migratory in their area of birth, but men migrate more internationally

7. Families rarely migrate

8. Urban areas grow more bc of migration than births

9. Migration increases when infrastructure improves

10. Major direction is rural to urban

Dependency Ratio

Number of people not in the workforce compared to number of people in the workforce

Push Factors

Drives people away

Pull Factors

Attract people

Intervening opportunity

Opportunity that stops migration

Intervening obstacle

Obstacle that stops migration

Asylum Seeker

Seeking residence in foreign country due to persecution

Chain Migration

Migrants move to follow earlier migrants

Step Migration

Takes place in stages

Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)

Forced to flee home, remains in home country

Refugee

Flees home country and is unable to return

Guest Worker

Legal migrant in a country for a job

Transhumance

Moving herds of animals to highlands in the summer and lowlands in the winter

Transnational Migration

Moving into another country

What stage is this?

Stage two

What stage is this

Stage three

What stage is this?

Stage four

What stage is this?

Stage five

Counterurbanization

Shift from urban to rural

External Migration

Migration between countries

Internal Migration

Migration within a state

Net Migration

In migration - out migration

Brain Drain

Talented people leave an area

Choose the cause of the other two

1. Water

2. Population Growth

3. Agriculture

Water

Choose the cause of the other two

1. Columbus discovers America

2. Crop exchange between west and east

3. Natives die by disease

Columbus discovers America

Choose the cause of the other two

1. One child policy

2. Overpopulation

3. Poverty

Overpopulation

Choose the cause of the other two

1. Poverty

2. Drug trafficking

3. Guestworkers

Poverty

Choose the cause of the other two

1. High standard if living

2. Large metropolitan population

3. Stage 3 of dtm

Large metropolitan population

Choose the cause of the other two

1. Immigration

2. Remittances

3. Stage 4 of the dtm

Immigration

Choose the effect of the other two

1. Poverty

2. War

3. Migration

Migration

Choose the effect of the other two

1. Racism

2. Exclusion of non-white immigrants

3. Quota laws from 1920s-1960s

Quota laws from the 1920s-1960s

Choose the effect of the other two

1. Young age structure

2. Not married

3. High level of migration

High level of migration

Choose the effect of the other two

1. Cold weather

2. Warm coastal waters

3. Population clusters near the equator and coast

Population clusters near the equator and coast

List push factors

Ethnic cleansing, natural disaster, war, and overpopulation

List pull factors

Jobs, chain migration

The four regions where 2/3rds of the world’s population is clustered

East Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe, and South Asia

Compared to the Netherlands, Egypt has

Low arithmetic density, high physiological density, and high agricultural density

Countries with high fertility rates usually have high

infant mortality

Malthus’s theory is partially correct because

Life spans have increased due to advancements in agricultural tech

Which stage of the dtm has the best medical care with a low dependency ratio?

Stage four

The epidemiological transition model does not involve

Birth rates

In the early 1900s, migration patterns in the US were mostly

Rural to urban

What policies would a country at stage five of the dtm pursue to decreases its dependency ratio?

Pronatalist policies and guestworkers

What countries have zero or negative population growth as of 2018?

Italy, Japan, Russia

What data is shown in the map?

Arithmetic density

Describe the information a geographer could identify from the map of urban populations in Brazil

Patterns of arithmetic density in specific regions

Describe a country with a rate of natural increase of 0.4

Slow population growth

What pattern is a concern in LDCs with low school enrollment?

Lack of qualified people to develop a workforce to improve economic growth

Which countries are challenged by a large youth-dependent population

Less developed countries

Which country is in stage three of the dtm?

1. China: Birth rate = 13 Death rate = 7

2. DRC: Birth rate = 44 Death rate = 10

3. Bolivia: Birth rate = 24 Death rate = 7

4. Ivory Coast: Birth rate = 37 Death rate = 13

5. Hungary: Birth rate = 10 Death rate = 13

China: Birth rate = 13 Death rate = 7

What was Thomas Malthus’s theory?

If population growth was left unchecked, it would outstrip the food supply

Which country has a high female empowerment?

France

Where are the lowest fertility rates?

Europe, Russia, East Asia, Australia, and Canada

What’s a concern of a country with an aging population?

Fewer young people contribute to support programs

What’s a likely outcome of a country with a low birth rate, a low TFR, a high life expectancy, and a high urban population

Pressure on pensions and social security programs due to an increased elderly population

Majority of migrants from South Asia to the Persian gulf are

Guest workers in oil countries

A positive impact of large Chinese population in Vancouver and Los Angeles

Chinese immigrants establish businesses and religious centers in their new cities