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14 Terms
Activation energy definition
the minimum energy required by colliding particles to form an activated complex and can be calculated from potential energy diagrams.
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Activated complex definition
an unstable arrangement of atoms formed at the maximum of the potential energy barrier, during a reaction.
What does a catalyst provide
A catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy.
How can a potential energy diagram be shown (catalyst)
A potential energy diagram can be used to show the effect of a catalyst on activation energy.
Enthalpy change definition
The enthalpy change is the energy difference between the products and the reactants.
Enthalpy change value for (exo and endo)
The enthalpy change has a negative value for exothermic reactions or a positive value for endothermic reactions.
What does a potential energy diagram show?
A potential energy diagram can be used to show the energy pathway for a reaction.
What is temperature a measure of?
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
What can energy distribution diagrams be used for?
Energy distribution diagrams can be used to explain the effect of changing temperature on the kinetic energy of particles and reaction rate.
What is Enthalpy a measure of?
Enthalpy is a measure of the chemical energy in a substance.
What must reaction rates be controlled by?
Reaction rates must be controlled in industrial processes. If the rate is too low then the process will not be economically viable; if it is too high there will be a risk of explosion.
Reaction process that releases heat energy
A reaction or process that releases heat energy is described as exothermic. In industry, exothermic reactions may require heat to be removed to prevent the temperature rising.
Reaction process that takes in heat energy
A reaction or process that takes in heat energy is described as endothermic. In industry, endothermic reactions may incur costs in supplying heat energy in order to maintain the reaction rate.
