book: 4: competition

natural selection

changes in phenoT → changing frequencies genoT

Q: best way model evol. outcomes

A: track the fitness of competing alleles

evolutionary stable strategy ESS

ANY B or char., once common in pop ≠ displaced by ANY competitor

UNlikely to be evolutionary stable

in free-living organims → innovation in group/ species @ expense individual

→ adaptions in nature = well-designed individual’s genes

selection CAN favour adap for higher lvl collections

→ mechanisms evolved abolish diff in reproductive success in constituent elements → + covariance between

• collective’s functioning

• reproductive success

covariance btw fitness of diff genes WITHIN organism x always total

→ intragenomic conflict & patterns that benefit genes @ expense of the whole organism