Psych Study Guide Exam 4 Study Guide

Morality with feelings

Ignoring other people's feelings and acting based on personal desires or preferences.

Right Action

Acting in a way that goes against our feelings, desires, and preferences, but is morally right.

Responsibility

One's moral and legal obligations that depend on behavior and circumstances.

Culpability

Moral responsibility for one's actions.

Bystander Effect

The tendency for individuals to help less when others are present during an emergency.

Diffusion of Responsibility

The belief that others will take responsibility, leading to decreased helping behavior.

Egoism

Giving to others for personal gain, self-esteem, or to avoid failing to meet expectations.

Emotion

Feelings or affect that can involve physiological arousal, behavior reactions, facial expressions, and affective responses.

Conscious

The faculty by which we determine if we are guilty of a moral offense.

Psychodynamic Model

A person's behavior is largely determined by psychological forces of which they are not consciously aware.

Humanistic Psychology

Focuses on personal growth, self-actualization, and the importance of the individual's subjective experience.

Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation that comes from within oneself.

Extrinsic Motivation

Motivation that comes from external forces.

Self-Serving Bias

Taking credit for successes and denying responsibility for failures.

Fundamental Attribution Error

Overemphasizing internal factors and underemphasizing external factors when explaining others' behavior.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

A therapeutic approach that focuses on changing patterns of thought and behavior.

Cognitive Dissonance

Psychological discomfort caused by holding inconsistent thoughts.

Categories of People Prone to Error

Those who seldom think for themselves, let passion rule their lives, lack common sense, or never reexamine their opinions.

Forming Responsible Opinions

Engaging in critical thinking and resisting the temptation to treat opinions as facts.

Guidelines of Persuasion

Respect your audience, understand their viewpoint, begin with a common point, take a positive approach, concede where the opposing side has a point, and allow time for acceptance.

Techniques for Compliance

Foot in the door, door in the face, low balling, and that's not all.

Recognizing Manipulation

Stacking the deck, suppressing dissent, repetition, asking questions, and checking sources.

Personal Identity

A set of characteristics that distinguishes one person from others.

Social Identity

The way an individual defines themselves in terms of their group memberships.

Recognizing Race

The ability to identify racial differences, typically developed by age 3 or 4.

Mine is Better Thinking

A cognitive bias that prevents us from identifying flaws in our own ideas and leaves us vulnerable to manipulation.

Juror #3's Speech

A significant speech about children and his son, reflecting his biased thoughts on the defendant's guilt.

Juror #8's Evidence

Introducing a knife identical to the murder weapon as evidence.

First Juror to Change Vote

Juror #9, an old man.

Requested Item for Further Questioning

A diagram of the apartment.

Key Evidence on Female Witness' Face

The eyeglass impression on her nose, noticed by Juror #9.