Studied by 4 people
primary intention
wound margins well approximated, most rapid healing
secondary intention
larger wound, requires granulation tissue to fill gap
tertiary intention
wound suturing is delayed due to infection, more scaring, longer healing
proinflammatory hormones
when tissue is injured these increase blood flow to the injured area
increased blood flow
results in both redness and heat
swelling
the result of a combination of increased blood flow and extravasation of WBCs, fluids and other substances out of the vascular system into the injured area
exudate
material consists of serum, fibrin and WBCs that pass out of the blood vessels into an area of inflammation
extravasation
leaking of substances out of their containing structure. In inflammation, vascular permeability is increased, and water, salts, and small plasma proteins escape into the tissues.
Diapedesis
WBCs migrate out of the blood vessels into the tissues
Hyperemia
an increase in blood or blood flow to an area of the body
laboratory tests for inflammation
CBC, WBC, CRP, ESR
Rise in CRP
any rise in CRP (c reactive protein) will tell us there is inflammation. a protein made by the liver when inflammation is present
test to tell if infection is present
CBC: evaluates RBCs, WBCs and PLTs levels
hemoglobin
oxygen carrying pigment of the RBC
hematocrit
measures the volume of cells in whole blood
dehydration
increased hematocrit
neutrophils & bands
will be present when inflammation is occurring (bacterial infection)
Leukopenia
decrease in the number of WBC (happens during some diseases)
Leukocytosis
increase in the number of WBC (infection)
apoptosis
turns irregular cells into fragments for destruction
cell differentiation
embryonic -> somatic
neoplasm
an error in cellular replication occurs and can result in uncontrolled growth
neoplasia
errors of replication which have not been corrected
malignant
cancerous. multiple errors in cellular replication occurs over time
phytochemicals
plant based foods. antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, and immune boosting properties
sarcopenia
degeneration of muscle
Anasarca
widespread swelling of the skin due to protein deficiency
hypoalbuminemia
low serum albumin (type of protein made in liver) less than 3.5g/dL. Causes low oncotic pressure, high hydrostatic pressure, and movement of fluid into tissues (edema)
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
an amino acid disorder- cannot metabolize amino acid phenylalanine
Fluid requirements for adult
30-30ml/kg/day or 2500 ml/day
Most clinically significant electrolytes
Na, K, Cl, Ca, Mg, P
sodium or chloride
any change in these can cause confusion in the older adult
potassium
too much or too little can lead to cardiac arrest
polyuria
excessive urination
diaphoresis
excessive sweating
oliguria
diminished urination
anuria
no urine output
dysuria
pain with urination
stress incontinence
loss of urine with increased abdominal pressure
overflow incontinence
partial retention of urine behind an obstruction
functional incontinence
inability to get to the toilet in time
urinary retention
external sphincter does not open for release of urine or blockage of urethra, leads to bladder distention
cystocele
part of the bladder wall bulges into the vagina
rectocele
part of the wall of the rectum bulges into the vagina
straight catheterization
short term catheter
indwelling foley catheter
long term catheter
Ileal Conduit
incontinent diversion to skin; type of urostomy
ileostomy
bowl ostomy at the end of the small intestine: liquid stool, watch for skin breakdown
colostomy
bowl ostomy in large intestine
loop colostomy
done in emergency
double barrel colostomy
2 distinct stomas
FICA tool for spiritual assessment
Faith, Importance/Influence, Community, Address
TRUST Domains for spiritual exploration
Traditions, Reconciliation, Understandings, Searching's, Teachers
Allostasis
the physiological process through which the brain tries to find a new homeostasis
informatics
information science and computer science
Note 
Flashcard (35)