bio b unit 2 vocab

genetics

scientific study of heredity

trait

specific characteristics of an individual

gene

sequence of dna that codes for a protein and determines a trait, passed from a parent to offspring

allele

one of different forms of a gene

gamete

sex cell

rna

single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose

messenger rna

type of rna that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amoni acids into protiens from dna to rest of the cell

ribosomal rna

type of rna that combines protiens to form ribosomes

transfer rna

type of rna that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protien synthesis

transcription

synthesis of an rna molecule from a dna template

translation

process by which the sequence of bases of mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protien

codon

group of 3 nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorperated into a protien

anticodon

group of drugs used to block the growth and reproduction of bacterial pathogens

phenotype

physical characteristic of an organism

homozygous

having two identical alleles for a particular gene

heterozygous

having two different alleles for a particular gene

selective breeding

method of breeding that allows only those organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next gen

recombinant dna

dna produced by combining dna from different sources

clone

member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell