Cell and Molecular Biology Lecture 5: Histology of Cartilage

The matrix of cartilage is neither _____, nor supplied with _____ or _____

Vascularized, Nerves, Lymphatic Vessels

What is responsible for the resilience of cartilage?

Its water content

Nutrients, oxygen, and waste materials are transported by _____ through the matrix

Diffusion

What are chondrogenic cells derived from?

Mesenchymal stem cells

Perichondrium has a _____ layer and a _____ layer

Fibrous, Cellular

The fibrous layer of perichondrium has what type of CT?

Dense irregular CT

What type of cell is the main component of the fibrous layer of the perichondrium?

Fibroblast

The cellular layer of the perichondrium contains what?

MSCs, Chondrogenic, Fibroblasts, Chondroblasts

What are the key features of chondrocytes and the cartilage matrix?

Isogenous group, interterritorial matrix, territorial matrix

What are the multicelled lacuna in chondrocytes and the cartilage matrix?

Isogenous group

What is the matrix that surrounds the lacuna in chondrocytes and the cartilage matrix?

Interterritorial matrix

What is the newly synthesized matrix in chondrocytes and the cartilage matrix?

Territorial matrix

What type of collagen are collagen fibers?

Type 2

Where is type 1 collagen present?

Fibrocartilage

Where are elastic fibers present?

Elastic cartilage with type 2 collagen

What is the large keratan sulfate/chondroitin sulfate-linked proteoglycan which is prominent in cartilage?

Aggrecan

What assists in the attachment of cartilage cells to the matrix and interacts with proteoglycan and collagen for the maintenance of chondrocyte localization in lacuna and its function?

Chondronectin

Which cartilage-specific proteoglycan does hyaluronic acid attach to?

Aggrecan

What type of growth takes place at the edge or periphery or the perichondrium?

Appositional

Where do chondrogenic cells differentiate into chondroblasts?

Perichondrium

What type of growth takes place in the middle of the cartilage?

Interstitial Growth

When does cartilage stop growing?

Late teens

Where do chondrocytes multiply?

Within their lacunae

Why does cartilage regenerate and heal poorly in adults?

Not vascularized

Appositional and interstitial growth occur _____

Concurrently

Perichondrium is present in which types of cartilage?

Hyaline and Elastic

Perichondrium is absent in which types of cartilage?

Articular and Fibrocartilage

True/False: The perichondrium is present at the epiphyseal plate

False

What is the amorphous cartilage found on articular ends of long bones, ribs, in the trachea, septum of the nose, and at the epiphyseal plate?

Hyaline

What is the dominant proteoglycan in hyaline cartilage?

Aggrecan

What gives hyaline cartilage its ability to resist compressive forces?

Aggrecan

Type II collagen is present in which type(s) of cartilage?

Hyaline, Elastic, Articular

Type I collagen is present in which type(s)of cartilage?

Fibrocartilage

Synovial fluid consists of _____ and _____

Hyaluronic acid, Lubricin

What is lubricin?

Filtrate of plasma

What helps reduce friction at joints?

Hyaline cartilage

What provides structural support in the trachea?

Hyaline cartilage

What is responsible for the longitudinal growth of long bones?

Hyaline cartilage

What is the "yellow cartilage" that contains elastin + Type 2 collagen?

Elastic

What cartilage helps maintain shape in the ear?

Elastic

What cartilage provides support in the epiglottis?

Elastic

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Pinna of the ear, epiglottis, and larynx

What is the cartilage that arises from fibroblasts and is made of parallel bundles of type 1 collagen?

Fibrocartilage

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Intervertebral discs, tendons, ligaments

What cartilage acts as an efficient shock absorber between adjacent vertebrae?

Fibrocartilage

What part of sockets is made of fibrocartilage?

Labrum

What is the cause of osteoarthritis?

Cartilage degeneration

Spinal discs contain a soft, jelly-like center called the _____

Nucleus pulposus

The nucleus pulposus is encases in the _____

Annulus Fibrosus

When an intervertebral disc is damaged and a spinal nerve becomes compressed, what issue may arise?

Hernia

What is the most common cartilage?

Hyaline