Greco Persian war Test

Balkan Peninsula

A geographic region in Southeast Europe located between the Adriatic and the Black Seas.

Anatolian Peninsula

Also known as Asia Minor, it is a large peninsula in Western Asia that makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.

Mycenaeans

An ancient Greek civilization that thrived from about 1600 to 1100 BC, known for its palatial states and impressive architecture.

Minoans

An Aegean civilization that arose on the island of Crete, known for its advanced culture and art, flourishing before the Mycenaean civilization.

Dorians

A Greek-speaking people who are believed to have invaded the Peloponnese and contributed to the decline of the Mycenaean civilization.

Trojan War

A legendary conflict between the Mycenaeans and the city of Troy, famously recounted in Homer's epics.

Homer

An ancient Greek poet traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Greek Mythology

The body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods, heroes, and rituals.

Solon

Athenian statesman and lawmaker known for his economic and political reforms in ancient Athens.

Draco

An Athenian lawmaker known for his harsh laws; his legal code was the first written law code in Athens.

Cleisthenes

An Athenian leader who implemented democratic reforms and is often referred to as the 'Father of Athenian Democracy'.

Polis

A city-state in ancient Greece, consisting of an urban center and its surrounding territory.

Acropolis

A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city, often the site of important temples and buildings.

Monarchy

A form of government with a single ruler, often a king or queen.

Aristocracy

A government ruled by a privileged minority or nobility.

Oligarchy

A government in which a small group of people holds power.

Democracy

A system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives.

Helots

The serfs or slaves in ancient Sparta who were bound to the land.

Phalanx

A military formation of soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder, armed with spears and shields.

Hoplites

Citizen-soldiers of ancient Greek city-states, who were primarily armed with spears and shields.

Oracle

A priest or priestess in ancient Greece who acted as a medium through which the gods spoke.

Persian Wars

A series of conflicts between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, including key battles like Marathon and Thermopylae.

Thermopylae

A famous battle site in Greece where a small Greek force, including Spartans, fought against a much larger Persian army.

Salamis

The site of a decisive naval battle during the Persian Wars, where the Greeks defeated the Persian fleet.

Marathon

The location of a significant battle in 490 BC, where the Athenians won against the Persians.

Xerxes

The Persian king who led the invasion of Greece during the Persian Wars.

Delian League

An alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens, formed to defend against further Persian attacks.

Pericles

A prominent and influential leader in Athens during its Golden Age, who promoted arts and democracy.

Peloponnesian League

A coalition of Greek city-states led by Sparta for mutual defense against Athens.

Peloponnesian War

A protracted conflict between Athens and Sparta, along with their respective allies, from 431 to 404 BC.

Tragedy

A dramatic genre in ancient Greece that often dealt with serious themes and typically ended in disaster.

Comedy

A genre of ancient Greek drama that used humor, satire, and mockery to entertain and comment on society.

Socrates

An ancient Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, known for his Socratic method.

Plato

A student of Socrates and an influential philosopher in ancient Greece, known for his works like The Republic.

Aristotle

A Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato, who made significant contributions to many fields of knowledge.

Sophocles

An ancient Greek playwright whose tragedies, including Oedipus Rex, are noted for their complex characters.

Dionysus

The Greek god of wine, fertility, and theater, associated with the origins of drama.

The Parthenon

A former temple on the Athenian Acropolis dedicated to the goddess Athena, symbolizing the glory of Athens.

Thucydides

An ancient Greek historian, best known for his history of the Peloponnesian War.

Pythagoras

An ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher known for the Pythagorean theorem.

Euclid

An ancient Greek mathematician often referred to as the 'father of geometry'.

Xenophon

An ancient Greek historian and philosopher, known for his writings on history and the life of Socrates.

Euripides

An ancient Greek tragedian, known for his plays that explore complex human emotions.

Aristophanes

An ancient Greek comic playwright, known for his satirical and comedic plays.

Herodotus

An ancient Greek historian, known as the 'Father of History' for his work on the Persian Wars.

Macedonia

An ancient kingdom located north of Greece that rose to prominence under King Philip II and his son Alexander the Great.

Philip II

The king of Macedonia who united the Greek city-states and fathered Alexander the Great.

Darius III

The last king of the Persian Empire, who faced defeat to Alexander the Great.

Hippocrates

An ancient Greek physician often referred to as the 'Father of Medicine'.

Hellenistic

The period of Greek culture that followed the conquests of Alexander the Great, marked by the spread of Greek influence.

Alexandria

A city in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great, known for its great library and as a center of learning.

Archimedes

An ancient Greek mathematician and inventor, known for his contributions to mathematics and engineering.

Colossus of Rhodes

A giant statue of the sun god Helios, considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Granicus River

The site of a significant battle in 334 BC where Alexander the Great defeated the Persians.

Issus

A battle in 333 BC where Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia.

Tyre

An ancient Phoenician city known for its trade and the lengthy siege by Alexander the Great.

Gaugamela

The location of Alexander the Great's decisive victory over Darius III in 331 BC.

Aristarchus

An ancient Greek astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system.

Eratosthenes

An ancient Greek mathematician and geographer who calculated the Earth's circumference.

Epicurus

An ancient Greek philosopher who founded the school of philosophy known as Epicureanism.

Epicureanism

A system of philosophy founded by Epicurus, emphasizing pleasure as the highest good.

Stoicism

A Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno, teaching the development of self-control and fortitude as a means of overcoming destructive emotions.

Hydaspes

The site of a battle between Alexander the Great and King Porus in 326 BC.