Chapter 25

New Immigrants

Immigrants arriving in the US after 1880, primarily from southern and eastern Europe.

Political Machines

Unofficial governments that emerged in urban areas to address the needs of immigrants due to lack of federal support.

Settlement House

Community centers run by middle class women that provided aid, education, and cultural activities for new immigrants.

Liberal Protestants

A movement within Protestantism that adapted religious ideas to modern culture and rejected biblical literalism.

Tuskegee Institute

An industrial school led by Booker T. Washington, focused on vocational training for African Americans.

Land-Grant Colleges

Institutions created through the Morrill Act of 1862 to promote education and agriculture.

Pragmatism

An American philosophy founded by William James emphasizing the practical consequences of ideas.

Yellow Journalism

A type of journalism characterized by sensationalism and exaggeration, notably by publishers like Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst.

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

An organization founded in 1890 advocating for women's right to vote.

Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

An organization focused on combating alcohol consumption and promoting women's rights, founded in 1870.

Realism

A literary movement that depicted contemporary life accurately, rejecting idealism.

Naturalism

A literary approach that emphasized the influence of heredity and environment on human behavior.

Regionalism

Literary focus on capturing the cultural and social characteristics of various American regions.

City Beautiful Movement

An urban planning movement that aimed to promote beauty and order in city environments.

World’s Columbian Exposition

A 1893 Chicago fair showcasing art, science, and architecture, emphasizing America's cultural achievements.

Jane Addams

Founder of Hull House, a pioneer in social work and advocate for immigrants.

Charles Darwin

Naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection.

Booker T. Washington

Influential African American leader advocating for vocational education and economic independence.

W. E. B. Du Bois

African American sociologist and civil rights activist, founder of NAACP, opposed Washington's views.

Joseph Pulitzer

Newspaper mogul known for creating sensational journalism and competing against Hearst.

William Randolph Hearst

Newspaper publisher known for exploitative journalism and sensationalism.

John Dewey

Philosopher and educator associated with pragmatism, emphasizing practical education.

Carrie Chapman Catt

Suffrage leader and president of NAWSA who advocated for women’s voting rights.

Horatio Alger

Author who popularized the

Mark Twain

Satirist and writer, known for works like The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, critiquing American politics, economic justice, and racism. Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, he adopted the pen name Mark Twain.

Henry James

A master of 'psychological realism,' exploring the confrontation of innocent Americans with subtle Europeans, often featuring women as central characters. His book 'The Bostonians' touched on the feminist movement.

Winslow Homer

Boston-born artist known for portraying New England's farms and seas in a native realist style, emphasizing rugged realism and boldness.

Augustus Saint-Gaudens

Irish-born sculptor who immigrated to America, creating many works to commemorate the Civil War, including the Robert Gould Shaw Memorial on Boston Common.

Frederick Law Olmsted

Journalist and landscape architect who sought to foster virtue and egalitarian values. Designed New York’s Central Park, Boston’s Emerald Necklace, and the campuses of Stanford University and UC Berkeley.

Karl May

German author best known for adventure novels set in the American Old West and the Orient. Writings were more fanciful than factual.