How Confucianism affected several different aspects of Chinese civilization during the Golden Age.

How did Confucianism influence the Chinese government structure during the Golden Age?

• Used the civil service exam system to hire officials based on talent.

• Created a meritocracy (skill-based) rather than hiring by noble birth.

What was a Meritocracy in the context of the Tang and Song dynasties?

• A system where officials earned roles through exams and merit.

• Mostly limited to the wealthy Gentry class who could afford education.

What was the goal of Neo-Confucianism during the Song dynasty?

• To push back against the influence of Buddhism.

• To refocus China on moral discipline and traditional gender roles.

What were the main traits of Confucian education?

• Taught calligraphy, poetry, painting, and philosophy.

• Focused on memorization and conformity rather than creativity.

What is Filial Piety?

• Respecting and obeying parents and ancestors.

• Putting the family's interests before individual needs.

Why were Merchants placed at the bottom of the social hierarchy?

• Making a profit from someone else's work was seen as dishonorable.

• Valued social contribution over financial gain.

How did the status of women change under Neo-Confucianism?

• Their status declined and they were subordinate to men.

• Subject to foot binding, which restricted them to the home.

What were the pros and cons of Confucianism for China?

• Pros: Provided stability, order, and an educated bureaucracy.

• Cons: Limited social mobility and oppressed the merchant class and women.