Statistics and Probability Concepts

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to statistics and probability, with definitions to assist in exam preparation.

Normal Distribution

A probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, describing a bell-shaped curve.

Expected Value

The mean of a probability distribution, representing the long-term average outcome of a random variable.

Continuous Variable

A variable that can take an infinite number of values within a given range.

Continuous Uniform Distribution

A type of distribution where all outcomes are equally likely to occur over a continuous range.

Bias

A systematic error that leads to an incorrect estimate of a parameter.

Probability Density Function

A function that describes the likelihood of a continuous random variable to take on a particular value.

Standard Normal Distribution

A normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.

Population Parameter

A characteristic or measure obtained by using all the individuals in a group.

Selection Bias

A bias resulting from the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in a way that randomization is not achieved.

Cumulative Distribution Function

A function that describes the probability that a random variable is less than or equal to a certain value.

Cluster Random Sampling

A sampling technique where clusters of participants that represent the population are selected at random.

Sample Size

The number of observations or measurements in a sample.

Nonresponse Bias

A bias that occurs when individuals selected for a survey do not respond.

Continuous Variable Mean

The average value of a continuous random variable.

Social Desirability Bias

A tendency for respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.