7th Grade Final Exam Review

Flashcards for 7th grade final exam review covering cell biology, human body systems, and health.

Cell Theory

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things; All cells are produced from other cells; All living things are composed of cells.

Light Microscope Lens

Convex lens bends light to make the object appear larger.

Resolution

How sharp an image is.

Cell Membrane Function

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Nucleus

The control center of a cell.

Mitochondria Function

Converts energy from food molecules into energy the cell can use.

Leewenhoek's Observation

Observed cells that were alive, unlike Hooke.

Organelles in Bacterial Cells

Bacterial cells contain ribosomes.

Vacuoles

Organelles that store food and other materials.

Lysosomes

Organelles that release chemicals to break down large food particles.

Microscope invention

Made it possible to discover cells.

Respiration Products

Carbon dioxide and water are produced during respiration.

Gas Exchange Location

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli.

Inhaled Substance

The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body.

Alveoli Gas Exchange

Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood.

Diaphragm

The dome-shaped muscle important for breathing.

Excretory System Function

Collects and removes wastes from the body.

Urinary Bladder

Organ that stores urine.

Nephrons

Tiny filtering structures in the kidneys where urine is produced.

Urea production

Urea is produced in the liver.

Excretory function of Skin

The skin eliminates water and some chemical wastes in perspiration.

Epiglottis

The flap of tissue that seals off the trachea during swallowing.

Kidney Function

Remove urea and excess water.

Cilia

Hairlike structures lining the nasal cavities and trachea.

Alveoli and capillaries

Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of capillaries.

Vocal cords location

The vocal cords stretch across the opening of the larynx.

Excretion

The process of removal of the body’s wastes.

Zygote

Structure formed when fertilization occurs.

Uterus

Where a fertilized egg develops after leaving the fallopian tube.

Ovulation

Release of a mature egg from the ovary.

Placenta

Nutrients from the mother pass to the developing embryo through this membrane.

Labor

Strong muscle contractions of the uterus cause the cervix to enlarge.

Delivery

A baby comes out of the mother’s body.

Childhood

The stage of development from ages 2 to about 12.

Puberty

An individual’s body becomes able to reproduce.

Hormones

Act on the body through chemical products in the endocrine system.

Hypothalamus

Endocrine gland that links the endocrine system and the nervous system.

Afterbirth

The placenta leaves the mother’s body.

Testes

Where sperm are produced.

Ovaries

Where eggs are produced.

Menstruation

When a human egg is not fertilized, extra blood and tissue from the uterus are released through the vagina.

Fertilization

The joining of a sperm and an egg.

Male reproductive system

The scrotum is part of the male reproductive system.

Stimulus

A change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react.

Axon

The part of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Motor Neuron

Sends an impulse to a muscle or gland.

Spinal Cord

The thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system.

Reflex

An automatic response of the body that occurs very rapidly and without conscious control.

Pupil

The opening through which light enters the eye.

Stirrup

Structure that passes sound vibrations to the cochlea.

Balance and Semicircular canals

If the semicircular canals are damaged, your balance will be affected.

Synapse

The space between one cell and another cell.

Central Nervous System

The brain and spinal cord.

Brain Stem

Third region of the brain that constitutes the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.

Concussion

A bruise like injury of the brain.

Upside Down

The image produced by the lens is upside down.

Cone Cells

Enable you to see colors.

Paralysis

Spinal cord injuries can result in paralysis.

Homeostasis

The process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable.

Nucleus function

Directs the activities of a cell.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue type that can contract, or shorten.

Cardiac Muscle

Type of muscle that is found only in the heart.

Skeletal Muscle Pairs

While one muscle in the pair contracts, the other returns to its original length.

Skin's Temperature Regulation

Enables excess heat to escape from the body.

Dermis

Nerves and blood vessels in the skin are located in the dermis.

Vertebrae

The bones that form the backbone.

Melanin Function

Helps protect the skin from sunburn.

Blood Function

Needed substances are carried to the body cells by blood.

Atria

Receive blood that comes into the heart.

Pacemaker Function

Adjusts the heart rate to correspond to the body’s need for oxygen.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Blood in Right Atrium

Contains little oxygen and a lot of carbon dioxide.

Blood Pressure Cause

The force with which the ventricles contract.

Red Blood Cells

Component of blood that carries oxygen to the body cells.

Lymph Node Function

Traps disease-causing bacteria.

Valve

Heart structure that prevents blood from flowing backward.

White Blood Cells

The function of white blood cells is to fight disease.

Infectious Disease

A disease caused by pathogens.

Antibodies

Destroy pathogens by binding to antigens on the pathogens.

Active Immunity

Acquired through vaccination.

Antibiotic

A chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth.

Diabetes

A person’s pancreas does not produce enough insulin.

Active Immunity

When a person’s own immune system produces antibodies in response to the presence of a pathogen.

Water

Nutrient needed for all body processes to take place.

Villi

Structure(s) enable(s) the small intestine to absorb large amounts of nutrients.

Water Absorption

Water is absorbed from undigested food.

Source of Energy

The energy your body needs comes from food.

Saliva

Substance in the mouth contains an enzyme that begins chemical digestion.

Peristalsis

Process involving muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus.

Mucus

Substance that coats and protects the inside of the stomach.

Small Intestine

Most chemical digestion takes place in the small intestine.

Digestion

The process in which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules.

Liver

Organ that produces bile.

Process for Living

Water is needed in order for all body processes to take place.