Memory Types and Processes: Episodic, Semantic, Procedural, and Retrieval

Episodic Memory

A type of long-term memory that involves personal experiences and specific events, including contextual details such as time and place.

Semantic Memory

A type of long-term memory that pertains to factual knowledge and information about the world, independent of personal experience.

Procedural Memory

A type of long-term memory that relates to skills and actions, often performed without conscious awareness.

Differences between Episodic, Semantic, and Procedural Memory

Episodic memory involves personal experiences, semantic memory pertains to factual knowledge, and procedural memory relates to skills.

Type of Long-Term Memory Characterized by General Knowledge

Semantic memory is characterized by general knowledge and facts.

Retention of Procedural Memory in Alzheimer's Disease

Procedural memory is often retained because it is linked to motor skills and habits that are less affected by cognitive decline.

Type of Memory Primarily Affected by Amnesia

Episodic memory is primarily affected by amnesia.

Nodes in Parallel Distributed Processing Models

In parallel distributed processing models, nodes represent words, concepts, and subparts of information.

Definition of Priming in Memory Retrieval

Priming is a process based on recent experiences or visuals that facilitates the retrieval of information from memory.

Tasks Used to Test Explicit Memory

Common tasks to test explicit memory include free recall, cued recall, and recognition tasks.

Difference between Implicit and Explicit Memory

Explicit memory is accessible to conscious awareness, while implicit memory is not.

Effect of Attention Levels on Memory Retention

Higher attention levels during encoding can enhance memory retention, while low attention can lead to forgetting.

Depth of Processing and Memory Retention

According to Craik and Lockhart's theory, deeper processing enhances memory retention, while shallow processing results in poor recall.