Honors Biology Midterm Study

Unit !

Which of the following is a characteristic of Kingdom Animalia? A. Organisms that move and consume other organisms for food. B. Organisms that photosynthesize. C. Organisms that decompose matter. D. Organisms that have cell walls made of Cellulose.

Answer: A.

Which of the following best describes the role of decomposes in an ecosystem? A. They produce energy from sunlight. B. They break down dead or decaying matter’ recycling nutrients back into the environment. C. They consume other organisms food. D. They create new matter.

Answer: B.

What type of data is collected when scientists just watch and record what happens naturally? A. Experimental Data. B. Observational Data. C. Hypothetical Data. D. Controlled Data.

Answer: B.

What is the dependent variable in an experiment measuring the growth of plants under different light conditions? A. The type of light. B. The height of the plants. C. The amount of water given. D. The type of soil.

Answer: B.

Which domain do humans belong to? A. Bacteria. B. Archaea. C. Eukarya.

Answer: C.

What type of evidence do scientists rely on to draw conclusions about natural phenomena? A. Opinions. B. Observations, experiments, and data. C. Guesses and hypotheses. D. Anecdotal evidence.

Answer: B.

What type of cell has a nucleus? A. Prokaryotic cell. B. Bacterial cell. C. Eukaryotic cell.

Answer: C.

Which kingdom includes organisms that can be unicellular like amoebas or multicellular like algae? A. Kingdom Animalia. B. Kingdom Fungi. C. Kingdom Protista.

Answer: C.

Match the prefixes/suffixes with their correct definition. (Use every answer choice once but only once). Flip to study answers.

A-, not, without. Aerobic, with oxygen. Cephalo-, head. Derm-, skin. Icthy-, fish. Path-, equal. Pre-, before. -troph, food, nourishment. Poly-, many. Iso-, Disease.

Which process describes how traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common in a population? A. Artificial selection. B. Natural selection. C. Genetic mutation. D. Random chance.

Answer: B.

What is the independent variable in an experiment where different amounts of water are given to plants to determine how it impacts their growth? A. The height of the plants. B. The amount of water given. C. The type of soil. D. The amount of growth.

Answer: B.

Which of the following is an example of an evolutionary adaptation? A. A plant bending towards sunlight. B. Thick fur in polar bears for cold climate. C. A fertilized egg developing into a fetus. D. Plants absorbing nutrients from soil.

Answer: B.

Which domain includes organisms that often come in contact with us and can even live inside of us? A. Bacteria. B. Archaea. C. Eukarya.

Answer: A.

Which level of classification includes the most organisms? A. Domain. B. Species. C. Genus. D. Family.

Answer: A.

Which of the following best describes homeostasis? A. The process of energy transfer in ecosystems. B. The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism. C. The reproduction of cells. D. The interaction between different species in an environment.

Answer: B.

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection? A. Breeding dogs for specific traits. B. Evolution of bear fur. C. Peppered moths blending into soot-covered trees. D. Birds migrating south for winter.

Answer: A.

Which kingdom includes organisms that are primarily multicellular and make their own food through photosynthesis? A. Kingdom Plantae. B. Kingdom Fungi. C. Kingdom Animalia. D. Kingdom Protista.

Answer: A.

Which is an example of a controlled experiment? A. Observing birds in the wild. B. Testing plant growth with different amounts of light. C. Recording weather patterns. D. Measuring fish populations in a lake.

Answer: B.

What is the most basic unit capable of life? A. Atom. B. Cell. C. Molecule. D. Tissue.

Answer: B.

Energy in an ecosystem can be created and destroyed. True or False.

False.

What characteristic is shared by all living organisms? A. Ability to photosynthesize. B. Ability to reproduce. C. Mobility. D. Multicellularity.

Answer: B.

Which kingdom includes organisms that absorb nutrients from their environment, often by breaking down dead or decaying matter? A. Kingdom Plantae. B. Kingdom Fungi. C. Kingdom Animalia. D. Kingdom Protista.

Answer: B.

What is the purpose of taxonomy in biology? A. To classify and organize living organisms. B. To study the behavior of animals. C. To understand chemical processes in cells. D. To explore mutations.

Answer: A.

A scientific theory can never be revised or changed. True or False.

False.

Which of the following best describes an organisms response to their environment? A. The process of energy transfer in ecosystems. B. The ability to grow. C. The reproduction of cells. D. The ability to be ecothermic (cold-blooded).

Answer: D.

In the scientific method, what comes directly after analyzing your data? A. Conclusion. B. Prediction. C. Experimentation. D. Observation.

Answer: A.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all life? A. Reproduction. B. Heat generation. C. Energy processing. D. Response to the environment.

Answer: B.

In an experiment, what is the purpose of a control group? A. To provide a baseline for comparison. B. To test multiple variables at once. C. To eliminate bias. D. To ensure all results are significant.

Answer: A.

What is an example of a dependent variable in an experiment? A. The type of fertilizer used. B. The growth rate of a plant. C. The amount of water given. D. The temperature of the environment.

Answer: B.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about scientific theories? A. They are guesses that need to be tested. B. They are proven and cannot be changed. C. They are supported by extensive evidence and can be revised.

Answer: C.

What is the main difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory? A. A hypothesis is a fact, while a theory is a guess. B. A theory is a guess, while a hypothesis is based on evidence. C. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation, while a theory is a well-supported explanation.

Answer: C.

Which of the following statements about the flow of energy in an ecosystem is true? A. Energy flows in a cycle and is reused. B. Energy flows in one direction, entering as sunlight and exiting as heat. C. Energy is created by producers and consumed by all other organisms. D. Energy is only transferred between predators and prey.

Answer: B.

In taxonomy, which of the following is the most specific level of classification? A. Domain. B. Genus. C. Species. D. Kingdom.

Answer: C.

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory? A. A guess made by a scientist. B. A well-supported explanation based on evidence and repeated testing. C. A random observation. D. An opinion supported by some evidence.

Answer: B.

Which of the following is an emergent property of the human brain? A. Conscious thought. B. DNA replication. C. Cellular respiration. D. Blood circulation.

Answer: A.

What role do producers play in an ecosystem? A. They consume other organisms for energy. B. They convert sunlight into chemical energy. C. They decompose dead matter. D. They regulate the flow of energy.

Answer: B.

Which of the following is true about matter in an ecosystem? A. It flows in one direction. B. It is created by producers. C. It cycles through producers, consumers, and decomposers. D. It can be destroyed.

Answer: C.

What does DNA provide for living organisms? A. Energy for cellular processes. B. The blueprint for heredity and cellular activities. C. Structural support. D. Protection from the environment.

Answer: B.

Which process drives evolutionary adaptation? A. Natural selection. B. Artificial selection. C. Genetic drift. D. Mutation alone.

Answer: A.

Which of the following is an example of energy processing in living organisms? A. Plants converting sunlight into food. B. Animals fleeing from a predator. C. Fungi breaking down dead matter. D. Fish swimming in water.

Answer: A.

Which of the following is NOT an example of natural phenomena? A. Volcanic eruptions. B. Water cycle. C. Animal behavior. D. A computer generating a weather forecast.

Answer: D.

How do hydrogen bonds affect the properties of water?

They contribute to water’s high surface tension.

Which of the following substances would act as the solvent in an aqueous solution?

Water

Which of the following is a trace element and NOT considered one of the four main elements that make up 96% of our human body?

Iron

Why are trace elements important in biological systems?

They are required in small amounts for homeostasis.

What is the significance of water's high heat of vaporization?

It enables organisms to cool off through sweating.

What determines the chemical properties of an atom via bonding?

The number of electrons in its outer shell.

What is the role of an ion in chemical reactions?

To attract or repel other ions, leading to the formation of ionic bonds.

What is the primary function of a buffer in a solution?

Keeps the pH level stable.

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

The number of protons.

In which state of matter are water molecules the least dense?

Gas

In which state of matter are water molecules the least dense?

Compound

What type of bond is formed when one atom gives an electron to another atom?

Ionic bond

What are the subatomic particles found in an atom’s nucleus?

Neutrons and protons

A positively charged ion is called what?

Cation

Which of the following is true about water's density as it freezes?

It becomes less dense.

What happens when an atom's outer electron shell is not full?

The atom looks to share, gain, or lose electrons.

What happens to water molecules during evaporative cooling?

High-energy molecules escape, leaving cooler molecules behind.

What property of water allows it to form beads on your skin?

Cohesion

What occurs during a chemical reaction?

Reactants are transformed into products

What is the function of a solute in a solution?

It dissolves in the solvent

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

It has an unequal distribution of electrons, leading to a partial charge.

What is an isotope?

An atom with the different of neutrons

What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element?

Atom

Which term is used to reference a horizontal row in the periodic table?

Period

What is the result of a polar covalent bond?

Unequal sharing of electrons, leading to partial charges.

Which of the following correctly compares the light microscope and electron microscope?

The light microscope is used to view live cells, while the electron microscope gives a higher resolution but kills cells.

What is the primary difference between magnification and resolution?

Magnification increases the size of the image, while resolution is measure of clarity for the image.

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Ribosomes

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Energy production through cellular respiration.

Plant cells differ from animal cells in that they:

Have a cell wall and chloroplasts.

What is the role of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

Provides structural support and facilitates movement within the cell.

Flagella and cilia are involved in:

Cell movement

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is important because it:

Provides structural support to cells and helps with cell communication.

Which type of junction allows animal cells to hold in place and/or connect to another cell like in your skin?

Anchor Junctions

The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the:

Plasma Membrane

What is selective permeability?

The ability of the plasma membrane to allow substances to pass while blocking others.

Which of the following best describes the function of proteins in the plasma membrane?

They help transport substances across the membrane and act as receptors.

What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

The cell swells as water enters from the solution.

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.

Kinetic energy refers to:

Energy associated with motion.

Which of the following is an example of potential energy?

A battery

What is ATP's role in the cell?

To store and transfer energy for cellular activities.

Which of the following is NOT a function of enzymes?

Storing energy

Which type of enzyme inhibition involves a molecule binding to the active site?

Competitive inhibition

In which type of solution does a cell maintain its normal shape and volume?

Isotonic solution

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Protein synthesis and modification

Which of the following organelles is responsible for modifying, packaging, and transporting proteins?

Golgi Apparatus

Which cell organelle is primarily involved in the production of lipids and detoxification?

Smooth ER

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste materials within the cell?

Lysosome

What is the function of ribosomes?

Synthesizing proteins

How does the cell membrane contribute to homeostasis?

It controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Which of the following describes an exergonic reaction?

Releases energy

During which process does the cell release large molecules or particles?

Exocytosis

What happens to enzymes after a chemical reaction?

They are unchanged and can be reused.

The cytoskeleton includes all of the following structures EXCEPT:

Extracellular filaments

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

Osmosis

How do enzymes breakdown substrates?

By providing an active site for reactants.

Which of the following describes facilitated diffusion?

Passive transport of molecules via a protein channel.

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between ATP and energy in the cell?

ATP stores energy that can be used by the cell.