Chemistry Salts and Laboratory Equipment Review

Flashcards created from lecture notes covering solubility rules for salts, laboratory equipment, and definitions of key chemical concepts.

What cations are known to be soluble in water?

Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+, NH4+

What are the exceptions for soluble bromide salts?

AgBr, Hg2Br2, PbBr2, HgBr2

Which iodide salts are exceptions to solubility?

AgI, Hg2I2, PbI2, HgI2

What sulfate salts are exceptions to solubility?

CaSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4, PbSO4, Hg2SO4, Ag2SO4

What are the generally insoluble anions in water?

S²-, CO3²-, SO3²-, PO4³-, OH-

What sulfide salts are exceptions to their insolubility?

Group 1A, Group 2A & (NH4)2S

What carbonate salts are exceptions to their insolubility?

Group 1A and (NH4)2CO3

What are the exceptions for insolubility of hydroxide salts?

Group 1A, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2

What is the purpose of a stirring rod in the laboratory?

Used to mix chemicals and liquids.

What does a test tube clamp do?

Holds test tubes while heating.

What is the function of a centrifuge?

Separates substances by whirling them.

Define an acid in terms of proton donation.

A substance which acts as a proton donor.

What is a conjugate base?

The species formed when a proton of an acid is lost.

What does a buffer do in a chemical solution?

Resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

What is an example of a species that can act as either an acid or base?

Amphoteric substance.

Define dissolution in chemistry.

The process of dissolving a substance to form a homogenous mixture.