Social Psychology Flashcards

Flashcards from Social Psychology Lecture Notes

In-Group

The people I identify with and tend to by my greatest level of affiliation.

Out-Group

A group of individuals that we see as different from and that one lacks cohesions and differs in identity than me.

Self-esteem

The degree to which we think well and have a positive regard for ourselves.

Social Psychology

Explains more why people do what they do and examines how people affect each other looking at the context.

Features of a Group

Common bond (cohesion) and Common Identity.

Self

Sense of who you are.

Self-Monitoring

When we are driven to look or act a different way as a means to fit in in different situations.

Schemas

Mental structures and processes that all us to evaluate our world.

Social Cognition

How we attend to, store, remember, process, and use info about other people and the social world.

Cognitive Capacity

The finite amount of resources one has for all of their tasks.

Cognitive Load

Research technique where the researcher will try to max or overload one’s cognitive capacity.

Stereotype

A generalized belief about a group of people or individuals in a certain group.

Scripts

Where we have this expectation on how an event will pan out; the sequence we believe the events will occur in.

Social Norms

Unwritten rules on how we are supposed to act.

Social Roles

A responsibility we take on for ourselves.

Attributions

Our explanations for the behavior that we see someone do.

Internal attribution

I believe the cause for the behavior I observed is a byproduct or genetic predisposition of the individual themselves.

External attribution

Something about the situation (outside of the person) such as the environment explains why that person engaged in that behavior.

Fundamental Attribution Error

Suggests that when we are forming attributions we tend to overestimate the power of the internal factors and underestimate the external factors.

Actor-Observer Bias

When it comes to judging other people we are more likely to judge them based on an internal attribution but when we judge ourselves we’re more likely to use external attributions.

Self-Serving Attributions

Successes you attribute to internal factors but failures you attribute to external factors.

Attitudes

Evaluation of people, objects or ideas.

Just-World Hypothesis

We have this belief or desire that the world is a just and fair place.

Blaming the Victim

We accuse the people who have been victimized of doing something that provoked this bad thing that happened to them.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Attitude change is driven by efforts to reduce tension caused by inconsistencies between beliefs and behaviors.

Persuasion

Change people's beliefs or attitudes about something (affect, behavior, cognitive).

Social Influence

How the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.

Central (Thoughtful)

People (audience) are motivated and have the ability to pay attention to the arguments. More logic and provides evidence to support claims being made.

Peripheral (Spontaneous)

People (audience) do not pay attention to the arguments but are instead influenced by peripheral cues.

Norm of Reciprocity

An expectation that if someone does something for you, you will feel obligated to do something for them in return.

Foot-in-the-door

Agreement to a small request can increase the likelihood of agreement to future larger requests.

Door-in-the-face

Making an unreasonable larger request, followed by a reasonable smaller request.

Low-balling

A two-step compliance strategy in which the influencer secures agreement with a request by understating its true cost.

Scarcity Principle (Scarcity)

People over value or find things oddly desirable when they appear to be in a short supply.

Compliance

Person adjusts his or her behavior due to a request from another person.

Conformity

Changing your behavior to fit in with a group of people and match their behavior.

That’s-not-all (But wait, there’s more)

A two-step compliance technique in which the influencer makes a large request, then immediately offers a discount or bonus before the initial request is refused.

Informational Conformity

When we change our behavior to match the behavior of the group because we do not know better.

Normative Conformity

When you change your behavior merely because you want to fit in with the rest of the group.

Confederate

They look like a participant but they are actually a part of the study and told how to act to behave in an experiment.

Obedience

The change in behavior that comes in response to demands from an authority figure.

Situationism

View that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings.

Dispositionism

Our behavior is determined by internal factors.

Fundamental Attribution Error

The erroneous assumption that behavior of another person is a trait of them and underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others.