SYG2000 Chapter 2 Study Guide

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18 Terms

1
Scientific Method
A systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem.
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2
Hypothesis
A testable educated guess about predicted outcomes between two or more variables.
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3
Variable
Any characteristic, number, or quantity that can be measured or quantified.
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4
Operational Definition
A clear, concise detailed definition of a measure.
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5
Survey
A research method in which subjects respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions.
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6
Population
The people who are the focus of a study.
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7
Sample
A smaller group that is representative of the larger population.
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8
Field Research
Gathering primary data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or a survey.
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9
Participant Observation
A research method in which researchers join people and participate in a group’s routine activities.
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10
Ethnography
The extended observation of the social perspective and cultural values of an entire social setting.
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11
Case Study
An in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual.
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12
Experiment
A research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions.
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13
Secondary Data Analysis
The use of existing sources of data for research.
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14
Reliability
The extent to which research produces consistent or dependable results.
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15
Validity
The degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study.
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16
Research Ethics
The ethical considerations in sociological research, including informed consent, confidentiality, and the protection of participants.
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17
Quantitative Research
Research that focuses on quantifying data and statistical analysis.
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18
Qualitative Research
Research that focuses on understanding meanings and experiences through in-depth data.
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