chapter 10 psych

Opioid active ingredients

Morphine and codeine

Derived from Papaver somniferum (poppy plant)

• opium, synthetic drugs with opium effects

Opioid receptors

Mu - μ

Delta - δ

Kappa - K

Most effects come from activating μ and δ

K elicit hallucinogenic effects

Opioid effects on medulla

Neurons release endogenous opioids in medulla

• inhibits activity in spinothalamic neurons

• Reduces nociceptive info sent to thalamus

Withdrawal symptoms

Pain sensitivity, diarrhea, increased blood pressure, dysphoria, hyperthermia, restlessness, hyperventilation

Opioid - med use

Diarrhea - inhibitory effects of opioid receptors in the intestinal tract

Morphine - med use

Used to treat neuropathic or idiopathic pain

Codeine - med use

Suppress cough reflex, activate inhibitory opioid receptors in medulla, destromethorphan

Heroin

Morphine

Antagonist treatment