Patterns of Health and Health Inequalities

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16 Terms

1
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general trend of epidemiological transition

high mortality → reduction in infectious disease mortality → increase in non-communicable disease → declining mortality but ageing/emerging diseases are a problem → aspired QOL w/ health inequalities

2
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indicators of population health

  • life expectancy

  • infant mortality

  • healthcare use

  • public health/disease-specific indicators

3
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general life expectancy trends

increase until 2020 w/ females living longer, recent decrease

4
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general infant mortality trend

decrease until 2016, plateau/recent increase

5
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5 leading causes of death

  • dementia

  • ischaemic heart disease

  • chronic respiratory disease

  • cerebrovascular disease

  • lung cancer

6
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describe the index of multiple deprivation

composite measure that includes income, education, health, crime and living environment

7
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overall health pattern by assigned sex

females live longer than males but spend more of their life in poorer health

8
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difference between equality and equity

equality is equal treatment, equity is equal outcomes

9
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difference between inequality and inequity

inequality is measurable differences in health, inequity is avoidable differences (subset of inequality)

10
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difference between horizontal and vertical inequity

horizontal is those with same need dont have same access, vertical is those with different needs not provided with appropriate level of resources

11
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4 explanations for social gradient in health

  • behavioural

  • materialist and neo-materialist

  • psychosocial

  • life course

12
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explain behavioural model

inequities result from variations in lifestyle behaviours

13
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explain materialist model

inequities result from differences in direct access to material resources

14
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explain neo-materialist model

materialist + additional importance of access at community level

15
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explain psychosocial model

psychological and social wellbeing can lead to inequities in health (directly and indirectly)

16
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explain life course model

describes interlinking of factors through life + accumulation of adverse factors