US his

Pangea

• Supercontinent that existed millions of years ago.

• Important because it explains how species spread before continents separated.

Ice Age & Bering Land Strait

• During _____  sea levels dropped → land bridge between Asia & North America became visible.

• Allowed migration of early peoples to Americas.

Mestizo

mixed Spanish and Native American descent.

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

Spain got most of the Americas; Portugal got Brazil & trade routes in Africa/Asia.

Nation-State

n North America: Iroquois Confederacy was one of the strongest.

A political unit with a unified government and shared culture/identity.

Iroquois League/Confederacy

Alliance of Native tribes in the Northeast.

Encomienda System

Spanish labor system where Natives were given to colonists for forced labor in exchange for “Christianizing” them.

Region irrigation systems, clay housing

southwest

Region nomadic, teepees

Great Plains

Region long houses, matrilineal socieites

Northeast

Region permanent villages, totem poles fishing

Northwest/Cali

Spanish Exploration/Conquest

Carribean South America Florida southwest 

Pope rebellion

against Spanish religious and cultural suppression