AP Euro Unit 4 MCQ's

What ancient Greek philosopher's geocentric model was accepted by the Catholic Church before the Scientific Revolution?

Aristotle

Which invention was crucial for the rapid dissemination of new scientific ideas during the Scientific Revolution?

Printing Press

Who is credited with being the first to propose the heliocentric model of the universe?

Nicolaus Copernicus

Which of the following was NOT one of Kepler's laws of planetary motion?

Planets move in perfect circles.

Which scientist is known for his improvements to the telescope and his observations of celestial bodies?

Galileo Galilei

Isaac Newton is best known for his work in which field?

Physics

Which physician's work on the circulatory system challenged Galen's theories?

William Harvey

The scientific method relies heavily on which of the following?

Expermeintation and Evaluation

What theory did Galen propose regarding the human body?

Humoral theory

Who was known for promoting inductive reasoning as a method of scientific investigation?

Francis Bacon

René Descartes is best associated with which type of reasoning?

Deductive Reasoning

Which of the following scientists was tried for heresy by the Catholic Church?

Galileo 

Who is considered the father of modern anatomy due to his detailed dissections of human bodies?

Andreas Vesalius

The law of universal gravitation was formulated by which scientist?

Issac Newton

Despite advancements in science, which practices continued to be popular among some elites?

Alchemy and Astrology

Which of the following best describes the main goal of Enlightenment thinkers?

To apply the principles of the Scientific Revolution to society and human institutions

Which of the following works argued for the separation of powers into multiple branches of government?

The Spirit of the Laws

Who is considered the most famous of the French philosophers, known for criticizing social and religious institutions?

Voltaire 

Which Enlightenment thinker is known for compiling the Encyclopedia, a comprehensive collection of knowledge?

Dennis Diderot 

John Locke's "Second Treatise on Civil Government" primarily discusses which of the following concepts?

Natural rights and the social contract 

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau argue in "The Social Contract"?

That the power to govern lies with the people

Adam Smith is best known for his contributions to which field of Enlightenment thought?

Economic theory 

Which concept did Voltaire popularize that views God as a clockmaker who does not interfere in human affairs?

Deism

David Hume's philosophy of skepticism suggests that:

All human knowledge is gained through sensory experience 

The salons in France during the Enlightenment were known for:

Hosting intellectual discussions and debates

What was a significant economic idea put forward by the Physiocrats and Adam Smith?

Laissez-faire economics

Enlightenment thinkers believed that rationalism could:

Improve human life by applying reason to all aspects of society

Which of the following statements reflect John Locke's view on government?

Government exists to protect natural rights and is based on the consent of the governed

Voltaire's criticism of religious intolerance was based on his belief that:

Religious diversity and tolerance lead to peaceful coexistence

What was a primary factor that contributed to the population explosion in Europe during the 18th century?

Decrease in Death Rates 

Which agricultural development helped to stabilize food supply and support population growth in the 18th century?

Enclourse Acts

What was a significant outcome of improved transportation and infrastructure in 18th-century Europe?

Increased food supply

Which factor did not directly contribute to the decline in death rates in the 18th century?

Advances in Medical technology 

The term "illegitimate child" refers to a child born:

to unmarried parents

How did the Agricultural Revolution impact the social structure of rural areas in the 18th century?

Reduced the need for agricultural laborers 

Which Enlightenment thinker significantly influenced the changing attitudes toward childhood in the 18th century?

Rousseau

What was one consequence of urbanization during the 18th century?

Overcrowding and poor sanitation 

What did the increased use of birth control in the 18th century primarily affect?

population growth 

Which crop introduction during the 18th century significantly boosted food production for the lower classes?

maize 

What did the European marriage pattern in the 18th century typically involve?

Marrying into mid or late twenties 

How did the disappearance of the bubonic plague affect 18th-century European demographics?

It contributed to longer life expectancy 

What was one way city governments attempted to address the challenges of increased urban populations in the 18th century?

Enacting laws to combat crime and proverty 

Which factor led to the increased commercial wealth that allowed families to dedicate more resources to children and private life in the 18th century?

Agricultural surplus 

The Consumer Revolution was characterized by which of the following changes in European society?

Greater concern for privacy in home design 

Which new venue for leisure activities became popular during the Consumer Revolution?

Coffehouse

What was a significant impact of the Reading Revolution in the 18th century

A decrease in the publication of religious devotional books

Which of the following best describes Neoclassicism in 18th-century art?

Focus on simplicity and symmetry

Which of the following best describes Neoclassicism in 18th-century art?

More disposable income by the upper and middle classes 

Which of the following activities was popular in urban areas during the Consumer Revolution?

Spectator sports 

“The Encyclopédie," edited by Denis Diderot, was notable for:

questioning religious authority

What changed in terms of patronage to the arts from the Baroque period to the Neoclassical period?

Baroque appealed to royalty and nobility and Neoclassical to the middle class.

The shift in the arts from religious and state themes to those that appealed to bourgeois society is best exemplified by:

Neoclassical Art

What was one consequence of the Consumer Revolution for the middle class?

They could purchase good previously only reserved for the upper class

Which of the following best describes the change in home design during the Consumer Revolution?

Homes were designed with specific purpose rooms

The work of which artist exemplifies the shift towards Neoclassicism in the 18th century?

Jacques-Germain Soufflot

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the Reading Revolution?

The increase of the education of girls and women The shift in literature during the 18th century often emphasized:

The shift in literature during the 18th century often emphasized:

Enlightenment ideals and commercial values

The construction of rooms like the boudoir during the Consumer Revolution indicated:

an increased concern for privacy 

Which ruler is known for saying, "I am the first servant of the state"?

Frederick the Great

What was one of the first acts of Frederick the Great upon ascending to the throne?

Seizing the Habsburg territory of Silesia

Which ruler aimed to westernize Russia and was a patron of Voltaire?

Catherine the Great

What did Joseph II of Austria's Edict of Toleration achieve?

Granted religious freedom for Jews and other minorities

Which principle did Frederick the Great adopt from German cameralism?

Monarchy is the most affective form of government

Which ruler is associated with the Partition of Poland?

Catherine the Great

How did Frederick the Great show his commitment to religious toleration?

He granted freedom for Jews and maintained Jesuits as educators.

What major challenge did Catherine the Great face with the Pugachev Rebellion?

Rebellion by the serfs 

Which monarch's reforms led to significant domestic turmoil due to a lack of consultation with the nobility and clergy?

Joseph II

Which monarch's policies included the abolition of torture as a legitimate means of punishment?

Frederick the Great

Who were the philosophes most likely to support in the context of royal absolutism?

Enlightened Monarchs 

Which ruler increased the freedom of the press as part of their enlightened policies?

Joseph II

What was one of the significant actions of Catherine the Great regarding Western influences?

She patronized Western philosophes.

How did Joseph II address the power of the Catholic Church?

He put restrictions on its power.

What characterized the Jewish Enlightenment movement Haskalah?

Advocacy for Jewish assimilation into European society