Studied by 0 people
Jamestown
First permanent English settlement, known for tobacco farming.
John Winthrop
Puritan leader of Massachusetts Bay Colony; famous for 'City upon a Hill' sermon.
Mayflower Compact
First governing document of Plymouth Colony, establishing self-government.
Puritans
Religious reformers who founded Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious freedom.
Pilgrims
Separatists who established Plymouth Colony in 1620.
Social Covenant
Puritan belief in a moral community accountable to God and each other.
Carolina Crops
Cash crops like rice, indigo, and later cotton, grown with enslaved labor in the Carolinas.
French New Orleans
Port city founded by the French, later known for cultural diversity and trade.
Intolerable Acts
British laws punishing Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, sparking colonial unity against Britain.
Committee of Correspondence
Groups organized to share information and coordinate resistance to Britain.
Stamp Act Congress
Colonial meeting to protest the Stamp Act and taxation without representation.
Boston Massacre
Clash between British soldiers and colonists, fueling anti-British sentiment.
Lexington and Concord
First battles of the Revolutionary War.
Olive Branch Petition
Last attempt to avoid war with Britain by appealing to King George III.
Declaration of Independence
Document declaring independence, authored by Thomas Jefferson.
Guerrilla Warfare
Small, irregular combat tactics used effectively by colonial militias during the Revolutionary War.
Cornwallis Surrender
British General Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown, ending the war.
Thomas Paine
Wrote Common Sense, inspiring colonial independence.
1st Amendment
Guarantees freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson bought vast territory from France, doubling U.S. land.
Election of 1800
Peaceful transfer of power between political parties, Federalists to Democratic-Republicans.
Thomas Jefferson
Third president, wrote the Declaration of Independence, oversaw the Louisiana Purchase.
Democratic-Republican
Political party founded by Jefferson and Madison advocating states’ rights.
Non-Intercourse Act
Reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars.
XYZ Affair
French agents demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats, leading to the Quasi-War.
John Marshall
Chief Justice who established judicial review in Marbury v. Madison.
Missouri Compromise
Maintained balance between free and slave states and banned slavery north of 36°30′.
Erie Canal
Connected the Hudson River to the Great Lakes, boosting trade and migration.
Texas Independence
Texas broke away from Mexico and later joined the U.S.
Mexican-American War
Resulted in U.S. gaining vast lands in the Southwest.
Gadsden Purchase
Bought land from Mexico for a southern railroad route.
Manifest Destiny
Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America.
Free Soil Party
Opposed the expansion of slavery into western territories.
Seneca Falls Convention
First women’s rights convention advocating suffrage and equality.
Patriarchy
Social system where men hold primary power in political, economic, and familial roles.
Star Spangled Banner
Written during the War of 1812 by Francis Scott Key, later became the national anthem.
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery in the U.S.
Freeport Doctrine
Stephen Douglas’s idea that territories could exclude slavery despite Dred Scott.
Dred Scott
Supreme Court decision declaring African Americans were not citizens.
Abolitionist
Advocates for the immediate end of slavery.
Lincoln Assassination
Lincoln was killed by John Wilkes Booth shortly after the Civil War ended.
Andrew Johnson
Became president after Lincoln’s assassination; struggled with Reconstruction policies.
President U. S. Grant
General during the Civil War and president during Reconstruction, enforcing African American rights.
15th Amendment
Gave voting rights to all men regardless of race or previous enslavement.
Note 
Flashcard (85)