Psych Exam Psychological Disorders 13

psychological disorder

Thoughts feeelings or behaviors that are significantly distressing in terms of social functioning, work or other parts of life

abnormality: atypicality

1.       degree of which they’re uncommon

abnormality: dysfunction

degree to which they interfere with daily life and relationships

abnormality:Distress

degree to which thoughts feelings and behaviors cause a person to be upset and or uncomfortable

abnormality: deviance

: degree to which they are outside standards of society

Diagnoses

: process of determining which disorders a person has

Comorbidity

multiple illnesses

   how do mental health professionals in the US diagnose psychological disorders

biopsychosocial approach + DSM5

Etiology

what causes a disorder?

Equifinality

Multiple pathways can lead to the same outcome

Multifinality

The same processes can lead to different outcomes.

Panic Disorder

Reaccurent, unexpected panic attacks and fear that can cause significant chagnes in behavior

Symptoms: sudden extreme unexpected fear/discomfort, fight or flight

contributors: irregularities in amygdala, hypothalamus, classical conditioning

Specific Phobia

Fear and anxiety directed towards a specific object.

Possible contributors: classical conditioning, negative reinforcement, observational learnign

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear directed towards social interaction

Possible contributers: classical conditionign, negative reinforcemnet, observational learning

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

excessive worries and anxiety about family, helath school and other areas of life

contributers: larger amygdala, smaller hippocampus (memory formation), childhood adversity, overprotective parents

OCD

Obsession: a thought, urge, image that arises in the mind occurs repatidly, inrsuvei and unwelcome, usually causes distress

compusion: a behavior or mental activity that is repeated over adn over directed at reducing distress

contributers: genes, neurotrasmitters serotinin/dopamine, basal ganglia-dopamine rich enlarged, negative reinforcemnt.

Major Depressive Disorder

At least one depressive episode that lasted for two weeks

Feelings of guild, sleep changes nad eating changes, more or less of it

Possible causes: genes, seretonin, epinephrine (adrenaline), cortisol and estrogen Cognatie distortins