Therapeutic Management of Ocular Disease Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering orbital, lacrimal, conjunctival, corneal, pupillary, and retinal disorders and management.

Grave’s Ophthalmopathy

The ocular manifestation of thyroid disorders characterized by upper lid retraction, proptosis, and extraocular muscle hypertrophy.

Orbital Blow Out Fracture

Fracture of the orbital floor (maxillary bone) or medial wall (ethmoid bone) typically due to blunt trauma, often leading to enophthalmos and inferior rectus muscle entrapment.

Orbital Cellulitis

A life-threatening infection of the orbital tissues posterior to the orbital septum, presenting with proptosis, restricted EOM movement, and fever.

Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor

An idiopathic, space-occupying inflammatory infiltrate of the orbit that is a diagnosis of exclusion.

Carotid Cavernous Fistula

An abnormal communication between the arterial and venous systems in the cavernous sinus, often causing pulsating exophthalmos and ocular bruits.

Cavernous Hemangioma

A benign, slow-growing vascular tumor of the orbit typically arising in the second to fourth decades of life.

Optic Nerve Glioma

An uncommon tumor of the optic nerve, frequently associated with neurofibromatosis, primarily affecting children aged 2-6.

Meningioma

A tumor arising from the arachnoid villi, often presenting in middle-aged females as progressive proptosis and vision loss.

Mucormycosis

A lethal fungal infection (Rhino-orbital Phycomycosis) occurring predominantly in ketoacidotic diabetic or immunocompromised patients.

Rhabdomyosarcoma

The most common primary malignant orbital tumor in childhood, characterized by rapidly progressing exophthalmos.

Ectropion

An outward turning (eversion) of the eyelid margin, commonly caused by involutional laxity or cicatricial scarring.

Entropion

An inward turning (inversion) of the eyelid margin towards the globe, potentially leading to corneal ulceration and trichiasis.

Floppy Eyelid Syndrome

A condition involving easily everted, rubbery upper lids, often associated with obstructive sleep apnea and papillary conjunctivitis.

Lagophthalmos

The inability to fully close the eyelids, which can be physiologic, mechanical, or paralytic (e.g., Bell's Palsy).

Ptosis

Drooping of the upper eyelid, categorized into acquired (e.g., Horner syndrome, myasthenia gravis) or congenital types.

Xanthoma Palpebrarum

Yellowish, plaque-like elevated discolorations on the eyelids (Xanthelasma), often associated with hyperlipidemia or atherosclerosis.

Molluscum Contagiosum

An unclassified pox virus causing small, umbilicated papular lesions on the lids that can trigger follicular conjunctivitis.

Myokymia

Involuntary, mild fasciculation of the orbicularis oculi muscle, often triggered by fatigue, stress, or caffeine.

Trichiasis

A condition where eyelashes grow inward toward the globe, common in aging or as a result of trachoma.

Chalazion

A sterile, chronic granulomatous inflammation of a meibomian gland (internal) or Zeis gland (external).

Hordeolum

An acute staphylococcal infection of the glands of Zeis or Moll (external/stye) or meibomian glands (internal).

Preseptal Cellulitis

Inflammation of the eyelid structures anterior to the orbital septum, usually caused by skin trauma or sinus infection spread.

Ocular Rosacea

A chronic condition involving lid telangiectasia, meibomianitis, and recurrent chalazia, often treated with oral tetracyclines.

Basal-Cell Carcinoma

The most common malignant eyelid tumor, characterized by a firm nodule with rolled borders and telangiectatic vessels.

Canaliculitis

An infection or inflammation of the lacrimal canaliculi often caused by Actinomyces israelii, presenting with a pouting punctum.

Dacryoadenitis

Inflammation of the lacrimal gland, diagnostic by an "S-shaped" deformity of the upper eyelid.

Dacryocystitis

Infection or inflammation of the lacrimal sac, frequently due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct.

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS)

A deficiency in the aqueous layer of the tear film, common in older patients and Sjogren’s syndrome.

Vernal Conjunctivitis (VKC)

A seasonal allergic inflammation characterized by large "cobblestone" papillae and Horner-Trantas dots.

Arlt’s Line

A horizontal band of conjunctival scarring in the superior tarsus, characteristic of late-stage Trachoma.

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC)

A large papillary response of the superior palpebral conjunctiva, typically triggered by contact lens wear or ocular prosthesis.

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)

A highly contagious adenoviral infection (types 8, 19, 37) following the "Rule of 8s" with subepithelial infiltrates.

Pterygium

A triangular hyperplasia of bulbar conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, associated with UV radiation.

Episcleritis

A benign, sectoral, bright red inflammation of the episcleral tissues, typically occurring in young adults.

Scleritis

A severe, painful, and potentially sight-threatening inflammation of the sclera, often appearing purplish or bluish.

Arcus Senilis

A common, bilateral peripheral white corneal ring composed of lipid deposits; suggests hyperlipidemia if seen in patients under 40.

Band Keratopathy

Calcium deposits in the interpalpebral zone of the cornea, often showing a "swiss cheese" appearance.

Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy (EBMD)

The most common corneal dystrophy, characterized by maps, dots, and fingerprints leading to recurrent erosions.

Fuch’s Endothelial Dystrophy

A bilateral, asymmetric condition where endothelial cell loss leads to guttata, stromal edema, and bullous keratopathy.

Keratoconus

A non-inflammatory, progressive axial thinning and ectasia of the cornea, characterized by Fleischer’s rings and Vogt’s striae.

Acanthamoeba Keratitis

A rare but extremely painful corneal infection caused by a ubiquitous protozoan, often associated with poor contact lens hygiene.

Thygeson’s SPK

A bilateral, chronic, and recurrent epithelial keratitis characterized by coarse, elevated punctate lesions on a quiet eye.

Adie’s Tonic Pupil

A pupillary anomaly characterized by a weak reaction to light, strong reaction to near, and supersensitivity to 0.125\% pilocarpine.

Argyll-Robertson Pupil

Small, irregular pupils that exhibit light-near dissociation, classically associated with neurosyphilis.

Horner’s Syndrome

A triad of miosis, ptosis, and anhydrosis caused by a lesion in the oculosympathetic pathway.

Phacolytic Glaucoma

An acute glaucoma occurring when high molecular weight proteins from a mature cataract leak and clog the trabecular meshwork.

Amaurosis Fugax

Transient monocular vision loss, often described as a "curtain" falling, frequently due to carotid emboli.