APUSH Period 9 vocabulary

no child left behind

no child left behind

• aimed to improve student performance in public schools

• funded stronger reading programs and extensively training teachers.

hurricane katrina

• hurricane that hit gulf coast and flooded new orleans

• 1000 people died and many were left in desperate positions

great recession/troubled assets relief act (TARP)

• stock market lost 1/2 its value and unemployment peaked at more than 10%

• sparked many obama reform plans

american recovery and reinvestment act

• provided $787 B economic stimulus package designed to create 3.5 M jobs

• balanced healthcare, education, and construction projects

dodd-frank

• designed to improve regulation of baking and investments

• protected taxpayers from ballots of businesses

consumer financial protection bureau

• regulated consumer products like mortgages and credit cards

• did not break up big banks that led to an economic meltdown

paris agreement

• agreement with 195 other nations to reduce global carbon emissions

• congress disagreed with science between climate change

patient protection and affordable care act

• extended affordable wealth insurance through subsidies insurance exchanges

• 20M americans gained coverage

tea party

• conservative party who opposed Obamacare, abortion, and immigration

• republicans took control over the house of representatives

tax cuts and jobs act

• cut corporate tax rate from 35 to 21%

• lowered personal tax brackets

america first

• policy adopted by trump to protect US interests first

• increased prices for US consumers

USMCA

• designed to protect american jobs

• won bipartisan support in congress

2020 pandemic

• COVID-19 pandemic that surged worldwide

• Killed many, led to quarantine, shut down schools and businesses, and led to high inflation rates

rise of ISIS

• Islamic State of Iraq and Syria which vowed to create worldwide caliphate

• US lost many soldiers to this organization

republican revolution

• republicans gained control of both houses in congress

• “contract with america” was prevalent

tax cuts vs. social security

• republicans pressed for tax cuts not to help social security

• gave tax credits for higher education expenses

internet

• use of personal computers and software which increased productivity

• made e-commerce a part of American culture

boom of the 1990s

• American businesses cut costs and increased profitability

• held down US interest rates to below 3%

globalization

• increases in trade and communication worldwide

• promoted the division of global and regional economic developments

NAFTA

• North American Free Trade Afreement which created free trade zone with Canada and Mexico

• out of fear to job losses in Mexico

WTO

• oversaw trade agreements and enforced trade rules

• settled international economic disputes

IMF

• made loans to and supervised economic policies of poorer nations

• due to surging trade increase

G8

• world largest industrial powers- Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, US, and UK

• China, Indian , and Brazil later emerged as world leaders

digital security and privacy

• data used was exposed and threatened American privacy

• gave wealth to corporations like Google and Facebook

concentration wealth/top 1%

• top 1% held 43% of the nations financial wealth

• increased gap between the rich and the poor

immigration reform and control act of 1986

• attempted to create a fair entry process for immigrants

• granted amnesty to undocumented immigrants from mexico

illegal immigration reform and immigrant responsibility act

• reformed the process for admitting or removing undocumented immigrants

• strengthened immigration laws and limited undocumented immigrants

deferred action for childhood arrivals economies (south and west)

• protected undocumented young people to be more educated and apply for a work visa

• undocumented immigrants in the United States decreased during Obama’s presidency

political power (south and west)

• more political leaders emerged from the south and west

• seven presidents before Obama came from the Sunbelt

cultural change (south and west)

• southern and western music and christian ideals became more popular

• Hispanic culture also emerged with increased immigration rates

single-parent families

• increased heavily in the 2000s

• children in these families were troubled

election of 2000 bush v. gore

• supreme court issued 5-4 decision, making Bush the victory

• • overruled the Florida supreme court

september 11 terror attacks

• Osama bin laden, leader of al-qaeda, hijacked the plane and flew into the world trade organization

• 3000 people died and empowered Bush to take action

homeland security

• US implemented more background checks and airport searches

• effort to reduce terrorist attacks

USA PATRIOT act

• gave US unparalleled powers to obtain information and expand surveillance

• result of all terrorist attacks

iraw war/operation iraqi freedom

• US invaded Iran for suspicions and captured Saddam Hussein

• public support and US public image worsened

bush doctrine

• old policies of containment weren’t effective in terrorist world

• used to justify US self-protection in Middle East

election of 2008

• barack obama vs. john mccain

• obama becomes first black president

arab spring

• wave of protests in the middle east and north Africa

• civil unrest put pressure on Obama

supply-side economics/reaganomics

• tax cuts and reduced government spending would increase investment which would lead to prosperity

• shifted away from government spending

economic recovery tax cut

• 25% decrease in personal taxes over three years

• guaranteed that a large share of tax relief went to upper income

deregulation

• lifting on restriction on business and industry by federal agencies

• approached with republicanism

PATCO

• reagan fired shrinking air traffic controls and decretified their union

• depopularized labor unions

budget and trade deficits

• Reagans tax cuts and military spending created federal deficits

• tripled national debt

americans with disabilities act

• prohibited discrimination against disabled people in hiring, transportation, etc.

• brought disabled individuals into mainstream of American life

strategic defense initiative/star wars

• plan for building high tech-system of lasers and particles beams to destroy missiles

• caused the defense budget to double

nicaragua/iran-contra affair

• US secretly sold missiles to Irans government and used money to aid Contras

• made Reagan lose popularity support and votes

grenada

• US sent forces to stop pro-cuban coup in caribbean islands

• reestablished pro-US government in Grenada

PLO

• Palestinian fighters stopping Israeli raids and crimes

• were invaded in Lebanon by the US

persian gulf war

• US fought against Saddam Hussein raid in Kuwait

• only took 100 hours to defeat the army

tiananmen square

• China attacked pro-democracy protests

• killed thousands and ended political environment in china

eastern europe/breakup of soviet union

• self-determination led to state’s independence

• led to the creation of Russia

war in former yugoslavia

• US troops sent to stop ethnic cleansing

• Europes bloodiest conflicts since WW2

cyber attacks

• as internet availability increased, Russians, Chinese, and Iranians stole American political information

• Russia tampered information in the 2016 election

republican tax cuts

• $11.35 trillion tax cut which lowered the top tax bracket

• gave all taxpayers an immediate tax rebate

economies (south and west)

• sunbelt was booming because of low taxes, weak labor unions, and oil availability.

• attracted tourists and retired, old people