APUSH Period 9 vocabulary

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no child left behind

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  • aimed to improve student performance in public schools
  • funded stronger reading programs and extensively training teachers.
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hurricane katrina

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  • hurricane that hit gulf coast and flooded new orleans
  • 1000 people died and many were left in desperate positions
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56 Terms

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no child left behind

  • aimed to improve student performance in public schools
  • funded stronger reading programs and extensively training teachers.
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hurricane katrina

  • hurricane that hit gulf coast and flooded new orleans
  • 1000 people died and many were left in desperate positions
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great recession/troubled assets relief act (TARP)

  • stock market lost 1/2 its value and unemployment peaked at more than 10%
  • sparked many obama reform plans
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american recovery and reinvestment act

  • provided $787 B economic stimulus package designed to create 3.5 M jobs
  • balanced healthcare, education, and construction projects
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dodd-frank

  • designed to improve regulation of baking and investments
  • protected taxpayers from ballots of businesses
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consumer financial protection bureau

  • regulated consumer products like mortgages and credit cards
  • did not break up big banks that led to an economic meltdown
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paris agreement

  • agreement with 195 other nations to reduce global carbon emissions
  • congress disagreed with science between climate change
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patient protection and affordable care act

  • extended affordable wealth insurance through subsidies insurance exchanges
  • 20M americans gained coverage
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tea party

  • conservative party who opposed Obamacare, abortion, and immigration
  • republicans took control over the house of representatives
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tax cuts and jobs act

  • cut corporate tax rate from 35 to 21%
  • lowered personal tax brackets
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america first

  • policy adopted by trump to protect US interests first
  • increased prices for US consumers
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USMCA

  • designed to protect american jobs
  • won bipartisan support in congress
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2020 pandemic

  • COVID-19 pandemic that surged worldwide
  • Killed many, led to quarantine, shut down schools and businesses, and led to high inflation rates
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rise of ISIS

  • Islamic State of Iraq and Syria which vowed to create worldwide caliphate
  • US lost many soldiers to this organization
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republican revolution

  • republicans gained control of both houses in congress
  • “contract with america” was prevalent
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tax cuts vs. social security

  • republicans pressed for tax cuts not to help social security
  • gave tax credits for higher education expenses
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internet

  • use of personal computers and software which increased productivity
  • made e-commerce a part of American culture
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boom of the 1990s

  • American businesses cut costs and increased profitability
  • held down US interest rates to below 3%
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globalization

  • increases in trade and communication worldwide
  • promoted the division of global and regional economic developments
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NAFTA

  • North American Free Trade Afreement which created free trade zone with Canada and Mexico
  • out of fear to job losses in Mexico
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WTO

  • oversaw trade agreements and enforced trade rules
  • settled international economic disputes
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IMF

  • made loans to and supervised economic policies of poorer nations
  • due to surging trade increase
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G8

  • world largest industrial powers- Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, US, and UK
  • China, Indian , and Brazil later emerged as world leaders
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digital security and privacy

  • data used was exposed and threatened American privacy
  • gave wealth to corporations like Google and Facebook
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concentration wealth/top 1%

  • top 1% held 43% of the nations financial wealth
  • increased gap between the rich and the poor
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immigration reform and control act of 1986

  • attempted to create a fair entry process for immigrants
  • granted amnesty to undocumented immigrants from mexico
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illegal immigration reform and immigrant responsibility act

  • reformed the process for admitting or removing undocumented immigrants
  • strengthened immigration laws and limited undocumented immigrants
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deferred action for childhood arrivals economies (south and west)

  • protected undocumented young people to be more educated and apply for a work visa
  • undocumented immigrants in the United States decreased during Obama’s presidency
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political power (south and west)

  • more political leaders emerged from the south and west
  • seven presidents before Obama came from the Sunbelt
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cultural change (south and west)

  • southern and western music and christian ideals became more popular
  • Hispanic culture also emerged with increased immigration rates
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single-parent families

  • increased heavily in the 2000s
  • children in these families were troubled
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election of 2000 bush v. gore

  • supreme court issued 5-4 decision, making Bush the victory
  • - overruled the Florida supreme court
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september 11 terror attacks

  • Osama bin laden, leader of al-qaeda, hijacked the plane and flew into the world trade organization
  • 3000 people died and empowered Bush to take action
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homeland security

  • US implemented more background checks and airport searches
  • effort to reduce terrorist attacks
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USA PATRIOT act

  • gave US unparalleled powers to obtain information and expand surveillance
  • result of all terrorist attacks
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iraw war/operation iraqi freedom

  • US invaded Iran for suspicions and captured Saddam Hussein
  • public support and US public image worsened
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bush doctrine

  • old policies of containment weren’t effective in terrorist world
  • used to justify US self-protection in Middle East
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election of 2008

  • barack obama vs. john mccain
  • obama becomes first black president
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arab spring

  • wave of protests in the middle east and north Africa
  • civil unrest put pressure on Obama
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supply-side economics/reaganomics

  • tax cuts and reduced government spending would increase investment which would lead to prosperity
  • shifted away from government spending
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economic recovery tax cut

  • 25% decrease in personal taxes over three years
  • guaranteed that a large share of tax relief went to upper income
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deregulation

  • lifting on restriction on business and industry by federal agencies
  • approached with republicanism
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PATCO

  • reagan fired shrinking air traffic controls and decretified their union
  • depopularized labor unions
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budget and trade deficits

  • Reagans tax cuts and military spending created federal deficits
  • tripled national debt
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americans with disabilities act

  • prohibited discrimination against disabled people in hiring, transportation, etc.
  • brought disabled individuals into mainstream of American life
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strategic defense initiative/star wars

  • plan for building high tech-system of lasers and particles beams to destroy missiles
  • caused the defense budget to double
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nicaragua/iran-contra affair

  • US secretly sold missiles to Irans government and used money to aid Contras
  • made Reagan lose popularity support and votes
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grenada

  • US sent forces to stop pro-cuban coup in caribbean islands
  • reestablished pro-US government in Grenada
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PLO

  • Palestinian fighters stopping Israeli raids and crimes
  • were invaded in Lebanon by the US
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persian gulf war

  • US fought against Saddam Hussein raid in Kuwait
  • only took 100 hours to defeat the army
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tiananmen square

  • China attacked pro-democracy protests
  • killed thousands and ended political environment in china
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eastern europe/breakup of soviet union

  • self-determination led to state’s independence
  • led to the creation of Russia
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war in former yugoslavia

  • US troops sent to stop ethnic cleansing
  • Europes bloodiest conflicts since WW2
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cyber attacks

  • as internet availability increased, Russians, Chinese, and Iranians stole American political information
  • Russia tampered information in the 2016 election
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republican tax cuts

  • $11.35 trillion tax cut which lowered the top tax bracket
  • gave all taxpayers an immediate tax rebate
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economies (south and west)

  • sunbelt was booming because of low taxes, weak labor unions, and oil availability.
  • attracted tourists and retired, old people