APUSH Period 9 vocabulary

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56 Terms

1
no child left behind
  • aimed to improve student performance in public schools

  • funded stronger reading programs and extensively training teachers.

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2
hurricane katrina
  • hurricane that hit gulf coast and flooded new orleans

  • 1000 people died and many were left in desperate positions

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3
great recession/troubled assets relief act (TARP)
  • stock market lost 1/2 its value and unemployment peaked at more than 10%

  • sparked many obama reform plans

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4
american recovery and reinvestment act
  • provided $787 B economic stimulus package designed to create 3.5 M jobs

  • balanced healthcare, education, and construction projects

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5
dodd-frank
  • designed to improve regulation of baking and investments

  • protected taxpayers from ballots of businesses

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6
consumer financial protection bureau
  • regulated consumer products like mortgages and credit cards

  • did not break up big banks that led to an economic meltdown

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7
paris agreement
  • agreement with 195 other nations to reduce global carbon emissions

  • congress disagreed with science between climate change

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8
patient protection and affordable care act
  • extended affordable wealth insurance through subsidies insurance exchanges

  • 20M americans gained coverage

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9
tea party
  • conservative party who opposed Obamacare, abortion, and immigration

  • republicans took control over the house of representatives

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10
tax cuts and jobs act
  • cut corporate tax rate from 35 to 21%

  • lowered personal tax brackets

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11
america first
  • policy adopted by trump to protect US interests first

  • increased prices for US consumers

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12
USMCA
  • designed to protect american jobs

  • won bipartisan support in congress

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13
2020 pandemic
  • COVID-19 pandemic that surged worldwide

  • Killed many, led to quarantine, shut down schools and businesses, and led to high inflation rates

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14
rise of ISIS
  • Islamic State of Iraq and Syria which vowed to create worldwide caliphate

  • US lost many soldiers to this organization

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15
republican revolution
  • republicans gained control of both houses in congress

  • “contract with america” was prevalent

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16
tax cuts vs. social security
  • republicans pressed for tax cuts not to help social security

  • gave tax credits for higher education expenses

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17
internet
  • use of personal computers and software which increased productivity

  • made e-commerce a part of American culture

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18
boom of the 1990s
  • American businesses cut costs and increased profitability

  • held down US interest rates to below 3%

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19
globalization
  • increases in trade and communication worldwide

  • promoted the division of global and regional economic developments

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20
NAFTA
  • North American Free Trade Afreement which created free trade zone with Canada and Mexico

  • out of fear to job losses in Mexico

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21
WTO
  • oversaw trade agreements and enforced trade rules

  • settled international economic disputes

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22
IMF
  • made loans to and supervised economic policies of poorer nations

  • due to surging trade increase

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23
G8
  • world largest industrial powers- Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, US, and UK

  • China, Indian , and Brazil later emerged as world leaders

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24
digital security and privacy
  • data used was exposed and threatened American privacy

  • gave wealth to corporations like Google and Facebook

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25
concentration wealth/top 1%
  • top 1% held 43% of the nations financial wealth

  • increased gap between the rich and the poor

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26
immigration reform and control act of 1986
  • attempted to create a fair entry process for immigrants

  • granted amnesty to undocumented immigrants from mexico

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27
illegal immigration reform and immigrant responsibility act
  • reformed the process for admitting or removing undocumented immigrants

  • strengthened immigration laws and limited undocumented immigrants

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28
deferred action for childhood arrivals economies (south and west)
  • protected undocumented young people to be more educated and apply for a work visa

  • undocumented immigrants in the United States decreased during Obama’s presidency

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29
political power (south and west)
  • more political leaders emerged from the south and west

  • seven presidents before Obama came from the Sunbelt

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30
cultural change (south and west)
  • southern and western music and christian ideals became more popular

  • Hispanic culture also emerged with increased immigration rates

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31
single-parent families
  • increased heavily in the 2000s

  • children in these families were troubled

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32
election of 2000 bush v. gore
  • supreme court issued 5-4 decision, making Bush the victory

    • overruled the Florida supreme court

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33
september 11 terror attacks
  • Osama bin laden, leader of al-qaeda, hijacked the plane and flew into the world trade organization

  • 3000 people died and empowered Bush to take action

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34
homeland security
  • US implemented more background checks and airport searches

  • effort to reduce terrorist attacks

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35
USA PATRIOT act
  • gave US unparalleled powers to obtain information and expand surveillance

  • result of all terrorist attacks

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36
iraw war/operation iraqi freedom
  • US invaded Iran for suspicions and captured Saddam Hussein

  • public support and US public image worsened

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37
bush doctrine
  • old policies of containment weren’t effective in terrorist world

  • used to justify US self-protection in Middle East

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38
election of 2008
  • barack obama vs. john mccain

  • obama becomes first black president

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39
arab spring
  • wave of protests in the middle east and north Africa

  • civil unrest put pressure on Obama

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40
supply-side economics/reaganomics
  • tax cuts and reduced government spending would increase investment which would lead to prosperity

  • shifted away from government spending

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41
economic recovery tax cut
  • 25% decrease in personal taxes over three years

  • guaranteed that a large share of tax relief went to upper income

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42
deregulation
  • lifting on restriction on business and industry by federal agencies

  • approached with republicanism

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43
PATCO
  • reagan fired shrinking air traffic controls and decretified their union

  • depopularized labor unions

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44
budget and trade deficits
  • Reagans tax cuts and military spending created federal deficits

  • tripled national debt

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45
americans with disabilities act
  • prohibited discrimination against disabled people in hiring, transportation, etc.

  • brought disabled individuals into mainstream of American life

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46
strategic defense initiative/star wars
  • plan for building high tech-system of lasers and particles beams to destroy missiles

  • caused the defense budget to double

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47
nicaragua/iran-contra affair
  • US secretly sold missiles to Irans government and used money to aid Contras

  • made Reagan lose popularity support and votes

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48
grenada
  • US sent forces to stop pro-cuban coup in caribbean islands

  • reestablished pro-US government in Grenada

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49
PLO
  • Palestinian fighters stopping Israeli raids and crimes

  • were invaded in Lebanon by the US

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50
persian gulf war
  • US fought against Saddam Hussein raid in Kuwait

  • only took 100 hours to defeat the army

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51
tiananmen square
  • China attacked pro-democracy protests

  • killed thousands and ended political environment in china

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52
eastern europe/breakup of soviet union
  • self-determination led to state’s independence

  • led to the creation of Russia

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53
war in former yugoslavia
  • US troops sent to stop ethnic cleansing

  • Europes bloodiest conflicts since WW2

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54
cyber attacks
  • as internet availability increased, Russians, Chinese, and Iranians stole American political information

  • Russia tampered information in the 2016 election

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55
republican tax cuts
  • $11.35 trillion tax cut which lowered the top tax bracket

  • gave all taxpayers an immediate tax rebate

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56

economies (south and west)

  • sunbelt was booming because of low taxes, weak labor unions, and oil availability.

  • attracted tourists and retired, old people

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