APUSH Period 9 vocabulary

no child left behind

* aimed to improve student performance in public schools
* funded stronger reading programs and extensively training teachers.

hurricane katrina

* hurricane that hit gulf coast and flooded new orleans
* 1000 people died and many were left in desperate positions

great recession/troubled assets relief act (TARP)

* stock market lost 1/2 its value and unemployment peaked at more than 10%
* sparked many obama reform plans

american recovery and reinvestment act

* provided $787 B economic stimulus package designed to create 3.5 M jobs
* balanced healthcare, education, and construction projects

dodd-frank

* designed to improve regulation of baking and investments
* protected taxpayers from ballots of businesses

consumer financial protection bureau

* regulated consumer products like mortgages and credit cards
* did not break up big banks that led to an economic meltdown

paris agreement

* agreement with 195 other nations to reduce global carbon emissions
* congress disagreed with science between climate change

patient protection and affordable care act

* extended affordable wealth insurance through subsidies insurance exchanges
* 20M americans gained coverage

tea party

* conservative party who opposed Obamacare, abortion, and immigration
* republicans took control over the house of representatives

tax cuts and jobs act

* cut corporate tax rate from 35 to 21%
* lowered personal tax brackets

america first

* policy adopted by trump to protect __US__ interests first
* increased prices for US consumers

USMCA

* designed to protect american jobs
* won bipartisan support in congress

2020 pandemic

* COVID-19 pandemic that surged worldwide
* Killed many, led to quarantine, shut down schools and businesses, and led to high inflation rates

rise of ISIS

* Islamic State of Iraq and Syria which vowed to create worldwide caliphate
* US lost many soldiers to this organization

republican revolution

* republicans gained control of both houses in congress
* “contract with america” was prevalent

tax cuts vs. social security

* republicans pressed for tax cuts not to help social security
* gave tax credits for higher education expenses

internet

* use of personal computers and software which increased productivity
* made e-commerce a part of American culture

boom of the 1990s

* American businesses cut costs and increased profitability
* held down US interest rates to below 3%

globalization

* increases in trade and communication worldwide
* promoted the division of global and regional economic developments

NAFTA

* North American Free Trade Afreement which created free trade zone with Canada and Mexico
* out of fear to job losses in Mexico

WTO

* oversaw trade agreements and enforced trade rules
* settled international economic disputes

IMF

* made loans to and supervised economic policies of poorer nations
* due to surging trade increase

G8

* world largest industrial powers- Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, US, and UK
* China, Indian , and Brazil later emerged as world leaders

digital security and privacy

* data used was exposed and threatened American privacy
* gave wealth to corporations like Google and Facebook

concentration wealth/top 1%

* top 1% held 43% of the nations financial wealth
* increased gap between the rich and the poor

immigration reform and control act of 1986

* attempted to create a fair entry process for immigrants
* granted amnesty to undocumented immigrants from mexico

illegal immigration reform and immigrant responsibility act

* reformed the process for admitting or removing undocumented immigrants
* strengthened immigration laws and limited undocumented immigrants

deferred action for childhood arrivals economies (south and west)

* protected undocumented young people to be more educated and apply for a work visa
* undocumented immigrants in the United States decreased during Obama’s presidency

political power (south and west)

* more political leaders emerged from the south and west
* seven presidents before Obama came from the Sunbelt

cultural change (south and west)

* southern and western music and christian ideals became more popular
* Hispanic culture also emerged with increased immigration rates

single-parent families

* increased heavily in the 2000s
* children in these families were troubled

election of 2000 bush v. gore

* supreme court issued 5-4 decision, making Bush the victory
* - overruled the Florida supreme court

september 11 terror attacks

* Osama bin laden, leader of al-qaeda, hijacked the plane and flew into the world trade organization
* 3000 people died and empowered Bush to take action

homeland security

* US implemented more background checks and airport searches
* effort to reduce terrorist attacks

USA PATRIOT act

* gave US unparalleled powers to obtain information and expand surveillance
* result of all terrorist attacks

iraw war/operation iraqi freedom

* US invaded Iran for suspicions and captured Saddam Hussein
* public support and US public image worsened

bush doctrine

* old policies of containment weren’t effective in terrorist world
* used to justify US self-protection in Middle East

election of 2008

* barack obama vs. john mccain
* obama becomes first black president

arab spring

* wave of protests in the middle east and north Africa
* civil unrest put pressure on Obama

supply-side economics/reaganomics

* tax cuts and reduced government spending would increase investment which would lead to prosperity
* shifted away from government spending

economic recovery tax cut

* 25% decrease in personal taxes over three years
* guaranteed that a large share of tax relief went to upper income

deregulation

* lifting on restriction on business and industry by federal agencies
* approached with republicanism

PATCO

* reagan fired shrinking air traffic controls and decretified their union
* depopularized labor unions

budget and trade deficits

* Reagans tax cuts and military spending created federal deficits
* tripled national debt

americans with disabilities act

* prohibited discrimination against disabled people in hiring, transportation, etc.
* brought disabled individuals into mainstream of American life

strategic defense initiative/star wars

* plan for building high tech-system of lasers and particles beams to destroy missiles
* caused the defense budget to double

nicaragua/iran-contra affair

* US secretly sold missiles to Irans government and used money to aid Contras
* made Reagan lose popularity support and votes

grenada

* US sent forces to stop pro-cuban coup in caribbean islands
* reestablished pro-US government in Grenada

PLO

* Palestinian fighters stopping Israeli raids and crimes
* were invaded in Lebanon by the US

persian gulf war

* US fought against Saddam Hussein raid in Kuwait
* only took 100 hours to defeat the army

tiananmen square

* China attacked pro-democracy protests
* killed thousands and ended political environment in china

eastern europe/breakup of soviet union

* self-determination led to state’s independence
* led to the creation of Russia

war in former yugoslavia

* US troops sent to stop ethnic cleansing
* Europes bloodiest conflicts since WW2

cyber attacks

* as internet availability increased, Russians, Chinese, and Iranians stole American political information
* Russia tampered information in the 2016 election

republican tax cuts

* $11.35 trillion tax cut which lowered the top tax bracket
* gave all taxpayers an immediate tax rebate

### economies (south and west)

* sunbelt was booming because of low taxes, weak labor unions, and oil availability.
* attracted tourists and retired, old people