Vikings

Midterm

Rus

The Rus Vikings, also known as Varangians, were Scandinavian Norsemen, likely from modern-day Sweden, who established a state called Kievan Rus' in the 9th century

Lindisfarn

The Vikings' attack on the Lindisfarne monastery in 793 AD was a brutal, shocking event that marked the first major recorded Viking raid in England, beginning the Viking Age

Anglo Saxon Chronicle

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English, chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons 871

Louis the Pious

Louis the Pious, also called the Fair and the Debonaire, was King of the Franks and co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813. He was also King of Aquitaine from 781.maintaining his father Charlemagne's vast empire, promoting the Carolingian Renaissance through church reforms and the promotion of culture, leading successful military campaigns in Brittany, Gascony, and the Pyrenees, and facilitating the conversion of the Danish King Harald to Christianity. Despite his efforts to maintain order and unity, his reign was marked by revolts from his sons, which ultimately led to the partitioning of the Carolingian Empire in the Treaty of Verdun. 

Beserkers

Viking warriors known for their habbit of charging into the thickest parts of battle. Not the best soldiers due to the way they fight, focusing only on killing as many people and not staying in formation. 

Hydrarchy

a conceptual framework, popularized by scholar Chris Cooijmans, that describes Viking fleets as ambulant polities operating on the seas, rather than haphazard groups. This "hydrarchy" emphasizes the structured, logistical, and politically engaged nature of Viking activities, including wealth extraction, encampment, and trade, challenging the traditional view of Vikings as purely random or gratuitous raiders

Charlemagne 

Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire from 800. unification of much of Western Europe through military conquest, the establishment of the Carolingian Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, and the promotion of the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of cultural and intellectual revival.

Charles the Bald

Charles the Bald, also known as Charles II of West Francia, was a 9th-century king of West Francia, King of Italy and emperor of the Carolingian Empire. Wikipedia

Born: June 13, 823 AD

Danegeld

Name given to the currency used to pay off vikings

Olaf Trygvassen

Olaf Tryggvason was King of Norway from 995 to 1000. He was the son of Tryggvi Olafsson, king of Viken, and, according to later sagas, the great-grandson of Harald Fairhair, first King of Norway.

Monasticism

Monasticism is a religious way of life involving religious vows and the rejection of secular society to pursue spiritual ideals, often through asceticism, prayer, and community living

Yggdrasil

Yggdrasil is the world tree in Norse mythology, a colossal and sacred ash tree that connects the Nine Worlds of the cosmos. It represents the spine of the universe and is a central symbol of existence, with its roots reaching into different realms, including Asgard (home of the gods)

Harold Bluetooth

Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson was a king of Denmark and Norway. The son of King Gorm the Old and Thyra Dannebod, Harald ruled as king of Denmark from c. 958 – c. 986, introduced Christianity to Denmark and consolidated his rule over most of Jutland and Zealand

Oseburg Burial

The Oseberg burial, dating to 834 CE, is the most lavish Viking ship burial ever discovered, containing the remains of two women, likely high-status individuals or shamans, with lavish grave goods like a wagon, beds, and textiles

Salme Excavation

Around 750 CE 41 individuals were buried in two Viking ships at Salme in Estonia. New studies tell us much about who they were, where they came from and why they sailed across the Baltic.

Battle Of the Dyle

The Battle of Leuven, also called the Battle of the River Dyle, was fought in September 891 between East Francia and the Vikings. The existence of this battle is known through several different chronicles, including the Annales Fuldenses and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

Battle of Svolder

The Battle of Svolder was a large naval battle during the Viking age, fought in September 1000 in the western Baltic Sea between King Olaf of Norway and an alliance of the Kings of Denmark and Sweden and Olaf's enemies in Norway.

Treaty Of Verdun

The Treaty of Verdun, signed in August 843 AD, divided the unified Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms among the grandsons of Charlemagne: West Francia (modern France) for Charles the Bald, East Francia (modern Germany) for Louis the German, and Middle Francia (a long strip from the North Sea to Italy, including Lorraine) for Lothair I. This partition, a result of civil war and long negotiations, marked the beginning of the end of the united empire, foreshadowing the formation of the modern nations of Western Europe and leading to centuries of conflict over the contested Middle Francia

Viking Tradetown Hedeby

Hedeby was a prominent Danish Viking Age trading center from the 8th to the 11th century, located at the strategic narrow land neck of the Jutland Peninsula in what is now Germany. It served as a crucial hub connecting Scandinavia with Europe

Jomsborg Vikings

Jomsborg was a semi-legendary Viking fortress on the southern Baltic Sea coast, and the Jomsvikings were the legendary warrior brotherhood who inhabited it around the 10th and 11th centuries. Stories of the Jomsvikings portray them as a disciplined, mercenary order with a strict code of conduct, although their existence and location are debated, with no definitive archaeological proof.

Clain to have old parliment “thing”

The "oldest parliament" is often considered the Althing of Iceland, which started in 930 AD as a general assembly. The Tynwald of the Isle of Man is considered the "oldest continuous parliament," as the Althing had periods of non-operation, while Tynwald's legislative existence has continued without interruption. The word "thing" in the context of these assemblies comes from Old Norse and referred to a public assembly or meeting. 

Blathmac

Saint Blathmac was a distinguished Irish monk, born in Ireland about 750 AD. He is known as "Blathmac, son of Flann", to distinguish him from the poet and monk Blathmac mac Con Brettan. He was killed and became a martyr in Iona, about 825.

Constantine II

Constantine II was a 10th-century king of Alba (Scotland) who successfully fought against invading Viking forces, notably in 904 at the Battle of Scone, and worked to consolidate and gaelicize his kingdom. After a period of intense Viking warfare and raids, his decisive victory in 904 marked a turning point, and his reign also saw alliances, conflicts, and eventual submission to the English king Aethelstan, before his abdication in 943

Pepin II of Aquatine

Pepin II, called the Younger, was King of Aquitaine from 838 as the successor upon the death of his father, Pepin I. Pepin II was eldest son of Pepin I and Ingeltrude, daughter of Theodobert, count of Madrie. He was a grandson of the Emperor Louis the Pious

Seige Of Canstaninople

Constantinople by Viking Rus' in June 860 CE. A fleet of about 200 Rus' ships attacked the city, which was largely undefended as the Byzantine army and navy were engaged elsewhere. The Rus' raided the suburbs and the nearby Isles of the Princes, but failed to breach the formidable walls of Constantinople itself. The attack ended, possibly due to the approaching Byzantine forces or deteriorating weather, with the Rus' eventually retreating to their homeland